Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryOf a green hue. · Sickly, unwell. · Unripe, said of certain fruits that change color when they ripen. · Inexperienced.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-der. Proto-Indo-European *gróh₁nis Proto-Germanic *grōniz Proto-West Germanic *grōnī Old English grēne Middle English grene English green From Middle English grene, from Old English grēne, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”). More at grow. Doublet of Gruen. See also North Frisian green, West Frisian grien, Dutch groen, Low German grön, green, greun, German grün, Danish and Norwegian Nynorsk grøn, Swedish grön, Norwegian Bokmål grønn, Faroese grønur, Icelandic grænn. The sense of obscene, pornographic, or sexual in the Philippines is a semantic loan from Spanish verde. In other varieties of English, blue is the color instead associated with obscenity or pornography.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*gʰreh₁-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentiongreneenm
- Inherited-form mentiongrēneang
- Inherited-form mention*grōnīgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*grōnizgem-pro
- Derivation mention*gʰreh₁-ine-pro
- Doublet mentionGruenen
- Cognate mentiongreenfrr
- Cognate mentiongrienfy
- Cognate mentiongroennl
- Cognate mentiongrönnds
- Cognate mentiongründe
- Cognate mentiongrönsv
- Cognate mentiongrønnnb
- Cognate mentiongrønurfo
- Cognate mentiongrænnis
- Semantic-loan mentionverdees
This page abbreviates 18 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰreh₁-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:grene<id:green>",
"id": "color",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *gróh₁nis\nProto-Germanic *grōniz\nProto-West Germanic *grōnī\nOld English grēne\nMiddle English grene\nEnglish green\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gʰreh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*grōniz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ed\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yos\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*grōnī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"grēne\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"grene\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"green\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"color\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"green\" id=\"English:_color\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grene"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grene"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grēne"
},
"expansion": "Old English grēne"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grōnī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grōnī"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grōniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grōniz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰreh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to grow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Gruen"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of Gruen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "green"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian green"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "grien"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian grien"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "groen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch groen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "grön"
},
"expansion": "Low German grön"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grün"
},
"expansion": "German grün"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nn",
"2": "grøn"
},
"expansion": "Danish and Norwegian Nynorsk grøn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "grön"
},
"expansion": "Swedish grön"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grønn"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål grønn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "grønur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese grønur"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "grænn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic grænn"
},
{
"name": "semantic loan",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "es",
"3": "verde",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from Spanish verde"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:grene<id:green>",
"id": "color",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *gróh₁nis\nProto-Germanic *grōniz\nProto-West Germanic *grōnī\nOld English grēne\nMiddle English grene\nEnglish green"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*gʰreh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰreh₁-"
],
[
"*grōniz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grōniz#Proto-Germanic:_green"
],
[
"*grōnī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grōnī#Proto-West_Germanic:_green"
],
[
"grēne",
"grene#Old_English:_green"
],
[
"grene",
"grene#Middle_English:_green"
],
[
"grene",
"grene#Middle_English"
],
[
"grēne",
"grene#Old_English"
],
[
"*grōnī",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grōnī"
],
[
"*grōniz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grōniz"
],
[
"*gʰreh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰreh₁-"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"Gruen",
"Gruen#English"
],
[
"green",
"green#North_Frisian"
],
[
"grien",
"grien#West_Frisian"
],
[
"groen",
"groen#Dutch"
],
[
"grön",
"grön#Low_German"
],
[
"green",
"green#Low_German"
],
[
"greun",
"greun#Low_German"
],
[
"grün",
"grün#German"
],
[
"Danish",
"grøn#Danish"
],
[
"grøn",
"grøn#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"grön",
"grön#Swedish"
],
[
"grønn",
"grønn#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"grønur",
"grønur#Faroese"
],
[
"grænn",
"grænn#Icelandic"
],
[
"verde",
"verde#Spanish"
],
[
"blue",
"blue"
],
[
"color",
"color"
],
[
"instead",
"instead"
],
[
"associated",
"associated"
],
[
"obscenity",
"obscenity"
],
[
"pornography",
"pornography"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bislama",
"lang_code": "bi",
"word": "grin"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"word": "kūriin",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Mokilese",
"lang_code": "mkj",
"word": "krihn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "grin"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Of a green hue.",
"Sickly, unwell.",
"Unripe, said of certain fruits that change color when they ripen.",
"Inexperienced."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"recordId": "a8db1efe7e295cfa926907514a82fde49139bcdd35ffeb73b2e0b70c2d6932fc",
"rawRecordSha256": "d05dab726574996cbe2dac5619590a57a4f5c363f72dc29e4ba6558fc26a43a8",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 13615
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"links": 0,
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 18,
"glosses": 0
}
}