The English source dictionary · partial corpus coverage

English word origins · page 125

35,981 permanent word records. Read the source etymologies, inspect mentioned relationships and see where the evidence stops. These are not 35,981 independently reviewed deep dives.

45,491 source sections15,024 substantive evidence reports eligible for discovery20,957 brief records awaiting more evidence

Browse the dictionary

Page 125 of 180

inpat

Shortening.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

input

From Middle English inputten, equivalent to in- + put.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

inro

From Japanese 印籠 (inrō).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

inrun

From in + run.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

inrō

From Japanese 印籠 (inrō).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

From in- + see, or taken as a back-formation of inseeing, itself a loan-translation / calque of German Einsehen (“recognition, observation”). Compare Old English onsēon (“to look on, observe, regard, take notice of”). Mo

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

inset

From Middle English insetten, from Old English insettan (“to set in, institute, appoint”), equivalent to in- + set. Cognate with Dutch inzetten (“to insert, set in”), Low German insetten (“to set in”), German einsetzen (

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

inspo

From inspiration + -o (diminutive suffix).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

insto

Clipping of institution + -o.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

int

Apparently a back-formation from inting, which is a shortening of intentional / intentionally feeding.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

intel

Clipping of intelligence.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

inter

From Middle English enteren, borrowed from Old French enterrer, enterer, from Vulgar Latin *interrāre (“to put in earth”).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

inti

Named after the Inca sun god.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

into

From Middle English in-to, from Old English intō, equivalent to in + to. Cognate with Scots intae.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

intro

Clipping of introduction, from Latin intrōductiō (“lead-in, introduction”) – the abbreviation removes the second part of the compound; the first part ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (“inner, what is inside

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

inula

From Latin inula. Compare elecampane.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

inure

From Middle English inuren, equivalent to in- + ure (“practise, exercise”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

inurn

From in- + urn.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

inust

From Latin inurere, inustus (“to burn in”), from in- (“in”) + urere (“to burn”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

invar

Shortening of invariable.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

invex

Introduced by Morgan A. Hanson in 1981 as a generalization of convex.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

inwit

From Middle English inwit (“mind, reason, intellect, understanding; soul, spirit; feeling; the collection of inner faculties; one of five inner faculties; one of the outer bodily senses.; inward awareness of right or wro

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

inyan

Borrowed from Hebrew עִנְיָן (inyán, “topic, matter”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

io

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek Ἰώ (Iṓ, “Io”).

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

io-

From iodine.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

iod-

Source etymology material for iod-; no narrative etymology was supplied in this snapshot.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

iode

Etymology tree Pre-Greekbor. Proto-Hellenic *wion Ancient Greek ῐ̓́ον (ĭ́on) Ancient Greek ὄζω (ózō) Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-ēs Proto-Hellenic *-ēs Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs) Ancient Greek -ώδης (-ṓdē

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

iodo-

Etymology tree Pre-Greekbor. Proto-Hellenic *wion Ancient Greek ἴον (íon) Proto-Indo-European *weyd- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *wéydos Proto-Hellenic *wéidos Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos) Proto-Indo-Euro

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

ion

From the ending of anion and cation, which in turn is from Ancient Greek ἰόν (ión, “going”), neuter present participle of εἶμι (eîmi, “I go”). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1834 for Michael Faraday, who i

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention

ionic

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- Proto-Indo-European *h₁éyti Proto-Hellenic *éimi Ancient Greek ἰόν (ión)der. English ion Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icuslbor. Old French -iquebor. Midd

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

iono-

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- Proto-Indo-European *h₁éyti Proto-Hellenic *éimi Ancient Greek ἰόν (ión)der. English ion Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o-bor. English -o- English iono- From ion + -o-.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

ioqua

A variant of hiaqua, from Chinook Jargon, from Nootka.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

iosis

From Ancient Greek ἴωσις (íōsis), from ἰός (iós, “rust”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

iota

From Ancient Greek ἰῶτα (iôta), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *yad- (“hand”). Doublet of jot and yodh. Sense “jot, small quantity” in reference to a phrase in the New Testament: ”one iote or one title, shall in no wise p

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

ipe

Borrowed from Portuguese ipê.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

ipil

From Cebuano ipil.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

ipos

From Shasta ip'-haws (“Perideridia spp tubers”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

ippon

Borrowed from Japanese 一本 (“one full point”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

ipsi-

By alteration of Latin ipse (“self”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

ipu

From Hawaiian ipu.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

iqama

Etymology tree Arabic أَقَامَ (ʔaqāma) Arabic إِقَامَة (ʔiqāma)bor. English iqama Borrowed from Arabic إِقَامَة (ʔiqāma).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

iqlet

From IQ + -let.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

iqta

From Arabic إقْطَاع (ʔiqṭāʕ).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

iqyax

From Unangan Aleut iqyax̂ (“kayak”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

ir-

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Italic *n̥- Latin in- Latin ir- English ir- From Latin ir-, assimilated form of in- used before r-.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

irade

Etymology tree Arabic أَرَادَ (ʔarāda) Arabic إِرَادَة (ʔirāda)bor. Ottoman Turkish ارادهbor. English irade Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish اراده, borrowed from Arabic إِرَادَة (ʔirāda), from أَرَادَ (ʔarāda).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

irate

From Latin īrātus (“angered, angry”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from īrāscor (“to be angry”), from īra (“anger, wrath”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

irbis

Borrowed from Russian и́рбис (írbis).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

ire

From Middle English ire, yre, from Old English īre, ȳre, īr, ȳr, shortened form of īren (“iron”). More at iron.

2 source sections · 11 relationship mentions

irid-

From stem of Ancient Greek of ἶρις (îris, “the rainbow; colored circle, colored portion of the eye, something bent or curved”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

irie

Borrowed from Jamaican Creole irie, which is perhaps from English all right. Compare a'ight. The applied context of the remark, may also allude to a corruption of the conjugation of the french verb 'rier', such that, "I

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

iris

From Middle English iris, from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”). Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), possibly from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *w(e)ih₁-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wir

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

irk

Inherited from Middle English irken (“to tire, grow weary”), from Old Norse yrkja (“to work”), from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną (“to work”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to work”). Cognate with Icelandic yrkja (“to co

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

irky

From irk + -y.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

irmos

Borrowed from Ancient Greek εἱρμός (heirmós).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

iroko

Borrowed from Yoruba ìrókò.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

iron

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no-der.? Proto-Celtic *īsarnombor. Proto-Germanic *īsarną Proto-West Germanic *īsarn Old English īsern Old English īren Middle English iren English iron From Middle English ire

2 source sections · 56 relationship mentions

irony

Etymology tree Ancient Greek εἴρων (eírōn) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ία (-ía) Ancient Greek -είᾱ (-eíā) Ancient Greek εἰρωνεία (eirō

2 source sections · 6 relationship mentions

irori

Borrowing from Japanese 囲炉裏 (irori).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

irrep

Shortening.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

iru

Borrowed from Yoruba irú.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

is

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Germanic *isti Proto-West Germanic *ist Old English is Middle English is English is From Middle English is, from Old English is, from Proto-West

3 source sections · 18 relationship mentions

is-a

From is + a.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

ish

From is.

5 source sections · 0 relationship mentions

isha

From Arabic عِشَاء (ʕišāʔ, “evening, night”), in صَلَاةُ العِشَاء (ṣalātu l-ʕišāʔ, “night prayer”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

ishan

From Iranian Persian ایشان (išân, “they”), from Classical Persian ایشان (ēšān).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

isis

From the genus name.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

islay

Borrowed from Spanish islay.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

isle

From Middle English ile, yle (with s added, similar to English island), borrowed from Old French ille, idle, isle, from Latin insula. Not related to island. Doublet of insula.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

isled

From isle + -ed.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

islet

From Middle French islette. By surface analysis, is(le) + -let. Mostly displaced native Middle English eyt, eit and Middle English holm, holme (See eyot and holm for more).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

ism

From the suffix -ism (“belief”), particularly (in the 19th century) in the sense of "social movement". Compare phobia, from -phobia, sophy, from -sophy, itis, from -itis, and ana, from -ana.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

isn't

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Germanic *isti Proto-West Germanic *ist Old English is Middle English is English is Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Germanic *ne Proto-West German

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

isnad

Borrowed from Arabic إِسْنَاد (ʔisnād, “support, backing”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

iso-

Internationalism. Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

ison

From Medieval Greek ἴσον (íson).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

isot

From Turkish isot, from ısı (“heat”) + ot (“grass”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

ispán

Borrowed from Hungarian ispán, from a Slavic language.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

issei

Borrowed from Japanese 一世 (issei).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

issid

Borrowed from translingual Issidae.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

issue

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs Proto-Italic *eks Latin ex Latin ex- Latin eō Latin exeō Old French issir Old French issuebor. Middle English issue English is

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

issur

Borrowed from Hebrew אִסּוּר.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

ist

From the suffix -ist.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

isu

Borrowed from Japanese 椅子.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

iswas

From is + was, i.e. for calculating where the target will be based on where it is and was.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

it

From Middle English it, hit ( > dialectal English hit (“it”)), from Old English hit (“it”), from Proto-West Germanic *hit, from Proto-Germanic *hit (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“here; here”). Cognate

1 source section · 22 relationship mentions

it me

Shortened version of the phrase "it's me" dropping the verb.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

it's

Contraction of ‘it is’, ‘it has’ or 'it was'.

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

it'sa

Apparent misconstruction of it's -a (“suffix used to mimic Italian accents”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

ita-

Back-formation from itaconic acid.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

ital

Blend of I + vital.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

itch

From Middle English icche, ȝicche, from Old English ġiċċe (“itch”), from Proto-Germanic *jukjǭ (“itch”), of unknown origin. Cognate with Scots yeuk (“itch, itchiness”), Dutch jeuk (“itch”), German jucken.

2 source sections · 14 relationship mentions

itchy

From Middle English *yicchy, *ȝicchi, from Old English ġiċċiġ (“itchy”), equivalent to itch + -y. Cognate with Scots yeukie (“itchy”), West Frisian jokkerich (“itchy”), Dutch jeukachtig and jeukerig (“itchy”).

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

item

From Middle English item, from Latin item (“also; in the same manner”). The present English meaning derives from a usage in lists, where the first entry would begin in primis (“firstly”) or imprimis, and the other entrie

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

iter

Borrowed from Latin iter (“passage”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

ith

From i + -th (ordinal suffix).

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

ithm

From Arabic إِثْم (ʔiṯm, “sin, crime”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

itis

Back-formation from -itis (“disease characterized by inflammation”). Compare phobia, from -phobia, sophy, from -sophy, ism, from -ism, and ana, from -ana.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

itive

From Latin itus (“gone”), perfect passive participle of eō (“to go”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”) + -ive.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

its

Equivalent to it + -s (possessive marker). From the earlier form it's (it + -'s), which is now considered nonstandard. Began to displace his as the possessive of the neuter pronoun in the Middle English period; had fully

3 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

itsy

Baby-talk form of little + -sy.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

itty

Baby-talk form of little + -y. Compare itsy-bitsy.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

itwu

Borrowed from Korean 이두(吏讀) (idu), in the Yale romanization.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

iunno

Loose pronunciation of I dunno (“I don't know”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

ivied

From ivy + -ed.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

ivory

From Middle English yvory, ivorie, from Anglo-Norman ivurie, from Latin eboreus (“in or of ivory”) adjective of ebur (“ivory”) (genitive eboris), from Demotic Egyptian yb (“ivory, Elephantine”) (compare Coptic ⲓⲏⲃ (iēb,

2 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

ivy

From Middle English ivi, from Old English īfiġ, from Proto-West Germanic *ibig, *ibag, *ibah, from Proto-Germanic *ibahs (compare West Flemish iefte, Low German Eiloov, Ieloof, German Efeu), from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁

1 source section · 10 relationship mentions

iwa

From Hawaiian ʻiwa (“frigatebird”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

iwan

Borrowed from Arabic إِيوَان (ʔīwān), from Classical Persian اَیْوَان (aywān, “porch”); see there for more. Doublet of apadana.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

iwana

From Japanese イワナ.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

iwi

Borrowed from Māori iwi (literally “bone”), ultimately from Proto-Oceanic *suRi (“bone”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

iwis

From Middle English iwis, iwys, ywis (“certain, sure”), from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”), from Proto-West Germanic *gawiss, from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz (“known, certain, sure”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd-

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

ixia

Borrowed from translingual Ixia.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

ixnay

Pig Latin version of nix; possibly the only Pig Latin word to enter common American English besides amscray and igpay. Ixnay and amscray were used widely in The Three Stooges shorts and The Flintstones episodes, possibly

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

ixode

Back-formation from translingual Ixodes, from Ancient Greek ἰξώδης (ixṓdēs).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

ixora

Borrowed from translingual Ixora, from Sanskrit ई॒श्व॒र (īśvará).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

ixtle

American Spanish, from Classical Nahuatl ichtli.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

iyoba

Borrowed from Yoruba iyọba.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

iz

Eye dialect spelling of is.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

izaar

From Arabic إِزَار (ʔizār).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

izard

From French isard; further derivation uncertain.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

izba

Etymology tree Old East Slavic изъба (izŭba) Russian изба́ (izbá)bor. English izba Borrowed from Russian изба́ (izbá).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

izle

From Inherited from Old English ysel, ysle. Compare Old Norse usli.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

izmel

Borrowed from Hebrew אִזְמֵל (izmél, “lancet, scalpel”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

izori

From Japanese 居反り, literally backwards body drop.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

izzat

Borrowed from Hindustani عِزَّت ('izzat) / इज़्ज़त (izzat), from Classical Persian عِزَّت (izzat, “honor, respect”), from Arabic عِزَّة (ʕizza, “honor, power”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

j*b

Censored spelling of job as part of an Internet meme revolving around exaggerated anti-work attitudes, in which people pretend to be offended by the notion of employment, treating related words as swear words.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

j00

Alteration of you: * oo phonetic spelling of /uː/; 0 often used in place of o in leet; * j possibly based on its sound in some European languages, such as German, Dutch, Hungarian, Albanian, Finnish, Slovak, and romanize

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

ja

Borrowed from Afrikaans ja (“yes”), from Dutch ja (“yes”). More at yea.

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

jab

Originally a Scottish (unclear if Scots or Scottish English) form of English job (“peck, poke, thrust”), from Middle English jobben.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

jabby

From jab + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jabo

From Spanish.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jabot

Borrowed from French jabot.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jacal

From Mexican Spanish jacal, from Nahuatl xacalli.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jack

Inherited from Middle English jakke, from Anglo-Norman jacke, Middle French jaque, jacque, from jacques (“peasant”), from the proper name Jacques. Compare jacquerie.

6 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

jacko

From (laughing) jackass + -o.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jade

Borrowed from French le jade, rebracketing of earlier l'éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”). (Jade was thought to cure pains in the side.)

2 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

jaded

From jade (“worn-out horse”), possibly from Old Norse jalda (“mare”). Jade as a term of abuse for a woman dates from 1560.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

jaden

From jade + -en.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jadoo

From Hindustani जादू / جادو (jādū), from Classical Persian جَادُو (jādū).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jady

From jade + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jaffa

From Jaffa, an ancient port city in Israel from which the oranges were exported. The sense "impotent male" is a reference to being "seedless"; see seed. The cricketing sense, of a 'sweet ball' (from the bowler's perspect

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

jaffy

An acronym of just another fucking first-year.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jag

The noun is from late Middle English jagge, from Old English giagga, giacga. The ultimate origin could be sound-symbolic of sudden movement, compare with jam, rag and Middle English dag, of which jag may be a palatalised

2 source sections · 5 relationship mentions

jaga

From Malay jaga (“to awake; to watch over”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

jagat

From Sanskrit जगत् (jagat).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

jagir

Borrowed from Hindustani (Hindi जागीर (jāgīr) / Urdu جَاگِیر (jāgīr)), from Classical Persian جَاگِیر (jāgīr, “jagir”), from جَا (jā, “place”) + گِیر (gīr), the present stem of گرفتن (giriftan, “to take”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

jagua

Borrowed from Spanish jagua.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jail

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Indo-European *ḱowh₁ós? Proto-Italic *kawos Latin cavus Proto-Indo-European *-éyos Proto-Italic

2 source sections · 14 relationship mentions

jakes

From Middle English Jake (variant of “Jack”) or Jakke (variant of “Jacques” and “Jack”). Use as a place to urinate and defecate first attested in the form jacques. Compare terms such as US slang Cousin John and Quincy, u

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

jakun

Semantic extension of the Malay Jakun, an indigenous ethnic group inhabiting the jungles of Pahang, Johor and Negeri Sembilan.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

jalap

From the city of Xalapa in Mexico.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jaleo

Borrowed from Spanish jaleo.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jali

Borrowed from Gujarati જાળી (jāḷī, “net”).

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

jalsa

Borrowed from Urdu جَلْسَہ (jalsa, “gathering”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

jalt

Coined by Israeli-American author Yochai Benkler in 2002 (see first quotation), from a shortening of jealousy + altruism.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

jam

First attested in the early 18th c. as a verb meaning “to press, be pressed, be wedged in”. Compare dialectal jammock (“to press, squeeze, crush into a soft mass, chew food"; also "a soft, pulpy substance”). Perhaps from

3 source sections · 5 relationship mentions

jamb

From Middle English jambe, jaumbe, from Old French jambe (“leg”), from Late Latin gamba (“hock, shank, leg, thigh”), from Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “turning post, bend or flexure”). Doublet of gam, gamb, gamba, and jam

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

jambe

From Middle English jambe, jaumbe, French jambe. Doublet of gam, gamb, gamba, and jamb.

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

jambu

Semantic extension from Malay jambu, which originated from Sanskrit जम्बु (jambu, “a fruit or a blood pear”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

jameo

From (Canary Islands) Spanish jameo.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

jammy

Etymology tree English jam Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English jammy From jam + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

jamo

Borrowed from Korean 자모(字母) (jamo).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jamon

From Spanish jamón. Doublet of gammon and jambon.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

jamun

From Hindi जामुन (jāmun).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

jan

Borrowed from Arabic جَنّ (jann).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jane

From Old French Jannes (“Genoa”).

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

janeu

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyaȷ́nás Sanskrit यज्ञ (yajña) Sanskrit उपव्ये (upavye) Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás Sanskrit -इत (-ita) Sans

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

jank

Ostensibly a back-formation from janky (“shoddy, poor quality”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

janky

From junky.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jann

Borrowed from Arabic جَانّ (jānn).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

jap

Shortening of Japanese, in reference to the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

japa

Borrowed from Yoruba jápa and Nigerian Pidgin japa.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

japan

From Japan, due to this varnishing process being an imitation of East Asian processes. Sense “to ordain” in reference to the black clothes worn by the clergy.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

jape

From Middle English japen (“to deceive, play tricks on; act foolishly, joke; have sex with”), of uncertain origin, but perhaps combining Old French japer (“to bark, howl, scream; chatter, gossip”) with gaber (“to mock, d

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

japer

From jape + -er.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

japow

Blend of Japan + pow (“powder”)

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

jar

Inherited from Middle English jarre (“jar”), from Medieval Latin jarra, or from Middle French jarre (“liquid measure”) (from Old French jare; modern French jarre (“earthenware jar”)), or from Spanish jarra, jarro (“jug,

3 source sections · 23 relationship mentions

jarg

Unknown

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jark

From jerk.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jarl

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *erlaz Proto-Norse ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (erilaʀ) Old Norse jarlbor. English jarl From Old Norse jarl, from Proto-Norse ᛖᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (erilaʀ). Cognates include Old English eorl. Doublet of earl and eorl.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

jarm

Variant of charm (“chirp”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

jarp

Borrowed from Scots jaup (“(noun) dash or splash of mud, water, etc.; broken piece, fragment; light blow, slap; (verb) of water: to dash; to splash; to cause a splash by striking the surface of or throwing water; to besp

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

jarry

From jar (“to vibrate, be discordant, disturb, clash”) + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jart

Back-formation from jarts, a genericized trademark of the Jarts brand of lawn darts.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jasey

Probably a corruption of jersey, itself named after the island of Jersey.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jasm

Apparently a variant of jism.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jasp

Inherited from Middle English jasp(e), from Old French jaspe.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

jaspé

From French jaspé, past participle of jasper (“to colour motley, so as to imitate jasper”), from jaspe (“jasper”), from Latin iaspis, from Ancient Greek ἴασπις (íaspis).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

jass

Borrowed from Alemannic German Jass.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jasy

Possibly from jersey (“flax prepared in a certain manner, from which common wigs were formerly made”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jati

Borrowed from Sanskrit जाति (jāti). Doublet of gens, genesis, and kind.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

jato

Initialism of jet-assisted takeoff.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jatra

Ultimately from Sanskrit यात्रा (yātrā), cf. Bengali যাত্রা (jatra).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

jaun

From Bengali and Hindi.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jaunt

Origin uncertain. Perhaps a palatalised alteration of daunt (“to discourage”). Compare Scots jaunder (“to ramble, jaunt to taunt, jeer”), dialectal Swedish ganta (“to play the buffoon, romp, jest”); perhaps akin to Engli

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

jav

Clipping of javelin.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

java

From Java, an island on and near which a particular blend of coffee is made. The US use of the term to refer to any coffee originated in San Francisco, an early center of the US coffee trade.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions

jave

Contraction of ice-jam + release + wave. Coined by geoscientists Martin Jasek & Spyros Beltaos in 2008.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

jaw

From Middle English jawe/jowe (“jaw; sides of the lower face”, 14th century), the further origin of which is disputed. Either: * From Anglo-Norman jowe, from Old French joe (“cheek; jaw”), from Vulgar Latin *ga(v)ota (“c

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

Jump to any dictionary page

Read the layers separately

These source reports extend Wiktionary’s work through Kaikki / Wiktextract, with attribution and visible extraction limits. A relationship mentioned in a source is not automatically the immediate parent of a word. Newly written research analyses cite their own references. The reviewed graph has a separate evidence contract and counter.

The full multilingual corpus remains local; this directory covers only the bounded English slice. See exactly what has been acquired and published →