Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗adj
Made of the metal iron. · Strong (as of will), inflexible.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA common, inexpensive metal, silvery grey when untarnished, that rusts, is attracted by magnets, and is used in making steel: a chemical element having atomic number 26 and symbol Fe. · Any material, not a steel, predominantly made of elemental iron. · A tool or appliance made of metal, which is heated and then used to transfer heat to something else; most often a thick piece of metal fitted with a handle and having a flat, roughly triangular bottom, which is heated and used to press wrinkles from clothing, and now usually containing an electrical heating apparatus. · Any of several other tools traditionally made of wrought iron, now usually of steel.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no-der.? Proto-Celtic *īsarnombor. Proto-Germanic *īsarną Proto-West Germanic *īsarn Old English īsern Old English īren Middle English iren English iron From Middle English iren, from Old English īsern, īsærn, īren, īsen, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną (“iron”), from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom (“iron”), possibly a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”). Cognates Cognate with Scots airn, ern (“iron”), Yola eeren (“iron”), Saterland Frisian Iersen (“iron”), West Frisian izer (“iron”), Bavarian Eisn (“iron”), Cimbrian aizarn (“iron”), Dutch ijzer (“iron”), German, Luxembourgish Eisen (“iron”), German Low German Isen (“iron”), Alemannic German Ise (“iron”), Limburgish iezer (“iron”), Mòcheno aisn (“iron”), Vilamovian ȧjza (“iron”), West Flemish yzer (“iron”), Yiddish אײַזן (ayzn, “iron”), Danish jern, jærn (“iron”), Faroese jarn (“iron”), Icelandic járn (“iron”), Jamtish járn, jáðn (“iron”), Norwegian Bokmål jern (“iron”), Norwegian Nynorsk jarn, jern, jønn (“iron”), Swedish jern, jaͤrn, järn (“iron”), Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽 (eisarn, “iron”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionirenenm
- Inherited-form mentionīsernang
- Inherited-form mention*īsarngmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*īsarnągem-pro · iron
- Derivation mention*īsarnomcel-pro · iron
- Derivation mention*h₁ésh₂r̥ine-pro · blood
- Cognate mentionairnsco
- Cognate mentioneerenyol · iron
- Cognate mentionIersenstq · iron
- Cognate mentionizerfy · iron
- Cognate mentionEisnbar · iron
- Cognate mentionaizarncim · iron
- Cognate mentionijzernl · iron
- Cognate mentionEisenlb · iron
- Cognate mentionIsegsw · iron
- Cognate mentioniezerli · iron
- Cognate mentionaisnmhn · iron
- Cognate mentionȧjzawym · iron
- Cognate mentionyzervls · iron
- Cognate mentionאײַזןyi · iron
- Cognate mentionjernda
- Cognate mentionjarnfo · iron
- Cognate mentionjárnis · iron
- Cognate mentionjárngmq-jmk
- Cognate mentionjernnb · iron
- Cognate mentionjarnnn
- Cognate mentionjernsv
- Cognate mention𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽got · iron
This page abbreviates 10 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "chemical element box",
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "senseno",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q677"
},
"expansion": "noun sense 1"
},
{
"name": "senseno",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q483634"
},
"expansion": "noun sense 3"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:iren",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no-der.?\nProto-Celtic *īsarnombor.\nProto-Germanic *īsarną\nProto-West Germanic *īsarn\nOld English īsern\nOld English īren\nMiddle English iren\nEnglish iron\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"iron\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"red\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ēsh₂r̥no-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*īsarnom\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*īsarną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*īsarn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"īsern\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"īren\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"iren\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"iron\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"iron\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "iren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English iren"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "īsern"
},
"expansion": "Old English īsern"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*īsarn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *īsarn"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*īsarną",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *īsarną (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*īsarnom",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *īsarnom (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ésh₂r̥",
"t": "blood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "airn"
},
"expansion": "Scots airn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "eeren",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Yola eeren (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Iersen",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Iersen (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "izer",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian izer (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Eisn",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian Eisn (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "aizarn",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian aizarn (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ijzer",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ijzer (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Eisen",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Eisen (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Isen",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Isen (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Ise",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Ise (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "iezer",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish iezer (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "aisn",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Mòcheno aisn (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "ȧjza",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian ȧjza (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "yzer",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish yzer (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "אײַזן",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish אײַזן (ayzn, “iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "jern"
},
"expansion": "Danish jern"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "jarn",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Faroese jarn (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "járn",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic járn (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmq-jmk",
"2": "járn"
},
"expansion": "Jamtish járn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "jern",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål jern (“iron”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "jarn"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk jarn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "jern"
},
"expansion": "Swedish jern"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽",
"t": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽 (eisarn, “iron”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:iren",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ēsh₂r̥no-der.?\nProto-Celtic *īsarnombor.\nProto-Germanic *īsarną\nProto-West Germanic *īsarn\nOld English īsern\nOld English īren\nMiddle English iren\nEnglish iron"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₁ēsh₂r̥no-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ēsh₂r̥no-#Proto-Indo-European:_red"
],
[
"*īsarnom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/īsarnom#Proto-Celtic:_iron"
],
[
"*īsarną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/īsarną#Proto-Germanic:_iron"
],
[
"*īsarn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/īsarn"
],
[
"īsern",
"isern#Old_English"
],
[
"īren",
"iren#Old_English"
],
[
"iren",
"iren#Middle_English"
],
[
"iren",
"iren#Middle_English"
],
[
"īsern",
"isern#Old_English"
],
[
"īsærn",
"isærn#Old_English"
],
[
"īren",
"iren#Old_English"
],
[
"īsen",
"isen#Old_English"
],
[
"*īsarn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/īsarn"
],
[
"*īsarną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/īsarną"
],
[
"*īsarnom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/īsarnom"
],
[
"*h₁ésh₂r̥",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ésh₂r̥"
],
[
"airn",
"airn#Scots"
],
[
"ern",
"ern#Scots"
],
[
"eeren",
"eeren#Yola"
],
[
"Iersen",
"Iersen#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"izer",
"izer#West_Frisian"
],
[
"Eisn",
"Eisn#Bavarian"
],
[
"aizarn",
"aizarn#Cimbrian"
],
[
"ijzer",
"ijzer#Dutch"
],
[
"Eisen",
"Eisen#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"Isen",
"Isen#Low_German"
],
[
"Ise",
"Ise#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"iezer",
"iezer#Limburgish"
],
[
"aisn",
"aisn#Mòcheno"
],
[
"ȧjza",
"ajza#Vilamovian"
],
[
"yzer",
"yzer#West_Flemish"
],
[
"אײַזן",
"אײַזן#Yiddish"
],
[
"jern",
"jern#Danish"
],
[
"jærn",
"jærn#Danish"
],
[
"jarn",
"jarn#Faroese"
],
[
"járn",
"járn#Icelandic"
],
[
"járn",
"járn#Jamtish"
],
[
"jáðn",
"jáðn#Jamtish"
],
[
"jern",
"jern#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"jarn",
"jarn#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"jern",
"jern#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"jønn",
"jønn#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"jern",
"jern#Swedish"
],
[
"jaͤrn",
"jaͤrn#Swedish"
],
[
"järn",
"järn#Swedish"
],
[
"𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽",
"𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽#Gothic"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Made of the metal iron.",
"Strong (as of will), inflexible."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"figuratively"
],
"recordId": "402db642f31b255466835d4af048f10ce685063a250f119cc6c919cdc83dbff9",
"rawRecordSha256": "ffba1fd019a61cd7b8381938ddb26b19070b337399821bbd85d428bf521be6eb",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 36193
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A common, inexpensive metal, silvery grey when untarnished, that rusts, is attracted by magnets, and is used in making steel: a chemical element having atomic number 26 and symbol Fe.",
"Any material, not a steel, predominantly made of elemental iron.",
"A tool or appliance made of metal, which is heated and then used to transfer heat to something else; most often a thick piece of metal fitted with a handle and having a flat, roughly triangular bottom, which is heated and used to press wrinkles from clothing, and now usually containing an electrical heating apparatus.",
"Any of several other tools traditionally made of wrought iron, now usually of steel."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"countable"
],
"recordId": "867801979c96662d1372d79813fcc95839c69acea2ae6f11e8bd82cabd10144e",
"rawRecordSha256": "b41710bf6ded9e71170af1154ce0a97dbbc654b78c12f3136a951f148cdea856",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 36192
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 10,
"glosses": 0
}
}