*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of irk

Inherited from Middle English irken (“to tire, grow weary”), from Old Norse yrkja (“to work”), from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną (“to work”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to work”). Cognate with Icelandic yrkja (“to co

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
verb

to irritate; annoy; bother

noun

An annoyance.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Inherited from Middle English irken (“to tire, grow weary”), from Old Norse yrkja (“to work”), from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną (“to work”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to work”). Cognate with Icelandic yrkja (“to compose”), Swedish yrka (“to urge, argue”), Old English wyrċan (“to work”). Doublet of work.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*werǵ-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "yesno",
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I"
    },
    {
      "name": "glossary",
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "irken",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to tire, grow weary",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": "",
        "id": "",
        "sc": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English irken (“to tire, grow weary”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh+",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "irken",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to tire, grow weary"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English irken (“to tire, grow weary”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "yrkja",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to work"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse yrkja (“to work”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wurkijaną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to work"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną (“to work”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*werǵ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to work"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to work”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "yrkja",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to compose"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic yrkja (“to compose”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "yrka",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to urge, argue"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish yrka (“to urge, argue”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "wyrċan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to work"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wyrċan (“to work”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "dbt",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "work"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of work"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "irken",
      "irken#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "yrkja",
      "yrkja#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "*wurkijaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wurkijaną"
    ],
    [
      "*werǵ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/werǵ-"
    ],
    [
      "yrkja",
      "yrkja#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "yrka",
      "yrka#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "wyrċan",
      "wyrcan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "work",
      "work#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "to irritate; annoy; bother"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 248860
    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "An annoyance."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "c42e7eb9fd7d04102b49afd5e8589b06ff84e7099b1000d15a89e2d424ed0962",
      "rawRecordSha256": "8efa98e491bac33735bd72e337122802e3066736cd7e4253542a0a8ba888eb67",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 248861
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for irk →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-aXJr