*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of ir-

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Italic *n̥- Latin in- Latin ir- English ir- From Latin ir-, assimilated form of in- used before r-.

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
prefix

Used for expressing negation; not

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Italic *n̥- Latin in- Latin ir- English ir- From Latin ir-, assimilated form of in- used before r-.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Unspecified derivation mentionir-la
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":uder",
        "3": "la:ir-<id:not><ety:from<in-<id:not>>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Italic *n̥-\nLatin in-\nLatin ir-\nEnglish ir-\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*n̥-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"in-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ir-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ir-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"ir-\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "uder",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ir-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ir-"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":uder",
        "3": "la:ir-<id:not><ety:from<in-<id:not>>>",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Italic *n̥-\nLatin in-\nLatin ir-\nEnglish ir-"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*né",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/né#Proto-Indo-European:_not"
    ],
    [
      "*n̥-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/n̥-#Proto-Indo-European:_not"
    ],
    [
      "*n̥-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/n̥-#Proto-Italic:_un"
    ],
    [
      "in-",
      "in-#Latin:_not"
    ],
    [
      "ir-",
      "ir-#Latin:_not"
    ],
    [
      "ir-",
      "ir-#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "in-",
      "in-#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "prefix",
      "glosses": [
        "Used for expressing negation; not"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "recordId": "d5dba2d01695acfc8f841a1c1d701074dff0d71917be6ccd9797689a8fb778dd",
      "rawRecordSha256": "20603b6291460bba79ff1c77faca2498e5cb11899c527660bf8dc92652175344",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 155331
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for ir- →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-aXIt