The English source dictionary · partial corpus coverage

English word origins · page 114

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Page 114 of 180

foki

From Cantonese 夥記 /伙记 (fo² gei³). Compare Chinese Pidgin English foki or fookee.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

folar

Borrowed from Portuguese folar.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

The verb is from Middle English folden, from Old English fealdan, from Proto-West Germanic *falþan, from Proto-Germanic *falþaną (“to fold”), from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to fold”). Cognate with Dutch vouwen, German

4 source sections · 32 relationship mentions

foldy

From fold + -y.

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foley

From the surname Foley, itself from Irish Ó Foghlú and Old Irish Ó Foghladha (“plunderer”). The meanings related to sound effects are named after sound effects pioneer Jack Foley.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

folf

Blend of frisbee + golf.

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folic

From Latin folium (“leaf”) + -ic. Coined in 1941 (see quote below).

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folio

From Middle English folio (“leaf of a book”), borrowed from Medieval Latin foliō, Late Latin foliō, Latin foliō, the ablative singular form of Late Latin folium (“leaf or sheet of paper”), Latin folium (“leaf of a plant”

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folk

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *fulkazder. Proto-Germanic *fulką Proto-West Germanic *folk Old English folc Middle English folk English folk From Middle English folk, from Old English folc, from Proto-West Germanic *folk,

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folks

Coined by California historian Kevin Starr.

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folky

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *fulkazder. Proto-Germanic *fulką Proto-West Germanic *folk Old English folc Middle English folk English folk Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old Engli

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folly

Inherited from Middle English folie, from Old French folie (“madness”), from the adjective fol (“mad, insane”).

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folo

Clipping of follow up

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folx

Variant of folks. While the word was already gender-neutral, the suffix -x is a deliberate social signal of awareness of sexual minorities. Compare English Latinx.

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folyl

From folic + -yl.

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fomes

From medical Latin fōmes (“fomite”), a figurative extension of its original sense of kindling, tinder, etc. Gradually supplanted in use by fomite, a mistaken backformation of its plural form fomites, from Latin fōmitēs.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

fon

From Middle English fonne (noun). More at fun.

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fond

From Middle English fond, fonned, past participle of fonnen (“to be foolish, be simple, dote”), equivalent to fon + -ed. More at fon.

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fonda

From Spanish fonda, from Arabic فُنْدُق (funduq, “inn, hotel; manor”), from Ancient Greek πανδοκεῖον (pandokeîon), from πᾰν- (păn-, “all, every”) + the combining form of δέχεσθαι (dékhesthai, “to receive”) + -εῖον (-eîon

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

fonds

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

fondu

Borrowed from French fondu (“melted”). Compare fondue.

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fonio

From French fonio, from Wolof foño.

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fonly

From fon + -ly.

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font

From Old English font, an early borrowing from Latin fōns, fontis (“fountain”).

4 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

foo

From Mandarin 府 (fǔ).

3 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

foob

Blend of fake + boob.

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food

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-der. Proto-Germanic *fōdô Old English fōda Middle English fode English food From Middle English fode, foode, from Old English fōda (“food”), from Proto-West Germanic *fōdō, from P

1 source section · 15 relationship mentions

foody

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-der. Proto-Germanic *fōdô Old English fōda Middle English fode English food Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -

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foofy

Possibly a blend of fluffy + poofy or frilly + poofy. Possibly derived from foofaraw.

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fook

An eye dialect of fuck.

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fool

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ-der. Latin follis Old French folbor. Middle English fol English fool From Middle English fol (“fool”), from Old French fol (cf. modern French fou (“mad”)) from Latin follis. Dou

3 source sections · 15 relationship mentions

foom

Imitative. Compare boom.

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foon

Blend of fork + spoon.

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foont

Perhaps from French vingt (“twenty”), since a sovereign was worth 20 shillings.

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foopa

Phonetic spelling of the acronym FUPA.

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foot

From Middle English fot, fote, foot, from Old English fōt, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds. The plural feet is the result of i-umlaut in Proto-West Germanic *fōti,

2 source sections · 54 relationship mentions

footy

Compare Dutch vochtig. In the senses “insignificant, paltry; poorly kept, shoddy” Merriam-Webster suggests derivation from French foutu, past participle of foutre (“to copulate, fuck, screw”).

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fop

From Middle English foppe, fobbe (“fop, fool”), but its origin is unclear. Apparently akin to German German foppen (“to jeer”), also of unclear origin.

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foppy

From fop + -y.

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fops

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

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fopsy

From fops (“fox”) + -y (diminutive suffix), perhaps by analogy with foxy.

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for

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per- Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-der. Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i Proto-Germanic *furi Proto-West Germanic *furi Old English for Middle English for English for Inherited from Middle Eng

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for-

From Middle English for-, vor-, ver-, from Old English for-, fer-, fær-, fyr- (“far, away, completely”, prefix), from the merger of Proto-Germanic *fra- ("away, away from"; see fro, from) and Proto-Germanic *fur-, *far-

3 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

fora

From Latin fora; by surface analysis, for(um) + -a.

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foram

Shortening of foraminifer(a).

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foray

From Middle English forrayen (“to pillage”), a back-formation of forrayour, forreour, forrier (“raider, pillager”), from Old French forrier, fourrier, a derivative of fuerre (“provender, fodder, straw”), from Frankish *f

2 source sections · 20 relationship mentions

forb

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φορβή (phorbḗ, “food”), from φέρβω (phérbō, “to feed”).

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forby

From Middle English forby, forbi, of Middle Low German or North Germanic origin, equivalent to fore- + by. Compare Saterland Frisian foarbie (“beyond, past”), West Frisian foarby (“over, beyond, past”), Dutch voorbij (“b

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

force

From Middle English force, fors, forse, from Old French force, from Late Latin fortia, a noun derived from the neuter plural of Latin fortis (“strong”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise, high, hill”

4 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

ford

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per- Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Indo-European *pértus Proto-Germanic *furduz Proto-West Germanic *furdu Old English ford English ford From Middle English fōrd, from Old English fo

1 source section · 13 relationship mentions

forda

Compound between English words for, and the in informal speech. From the early 2020s.

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fordo

From Middle English fordon, from Old English fordōn (“to undo, bring to naught, ruin, destroy, abolish, kill, corrupt, seduce, defile”), from Proto-West Germanic *fradōn (“to ruin, destroy”), equivalent to for- + do. Cog

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

fore

A development of the prefix fore-.

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fore-

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per- Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-der. Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂éy Proto-Germanic *furai Proto-Germanic *furai- Proto-West Germanic *forē- Old English fore- Middle English fore- English

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

forel

From Middle English forel (“case, sheath”), from Old French forrel, fourrel.

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forex

Blend of for(eign) + ex(change).

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forg

Most likely from a photo of a poorly drawn frog, captioned "forg". The word "forg" also appears earlier in The Muppet Show episode 314, in which Kermit the Frog reads a script, written by Fozzie Bear, which mistakenly re

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

forge

From Middle English forge, from Old French forge, early Old French faverge, from Latin fabrica (“workshop”), from faber (“workman in hard materials, smith”) (genitive fabri). Cognate with Franco-Provençal favèrge. Double

3 source sections · 11 relationship mentions

forgo

From Middle English forgon (“to go by, pass up”), from Old English forgān (“to go away, forgo”); equivalent to for- + go.

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fork

From Middle English forke (“digging fork”), from Old English force, forca (“forked instrument used to torture”), from Proto-West Germanic *furkō (“fork”), from Latin furca (“pitchfork, forked stake; gallows, beam, stake,

3 source sections · 42 relationship mentions

forky

From fork + -y.

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form

From Middle English forme (“shape, figure, manner, bench, frame, seat, condition, agreement, etc.”), borrowed from Old French forme, from Latin fōrma (“shape, figure, image, outline, plan, mold, frame, case, etc., manner

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forma

Learned borrowing from New Latin fōrma. Doublet of form.

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forn

From Middle English forn, from Old English foran (“before, in front, forward, to the front”). More at fore.

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forne

From Middle English, variation of Middle English ferne (“old, long ago, distant, past”), from Old English fyrn (“former, ancient”), from Proto-Germanic *furnaz, *fernaz, *firnijaz (“old, former”), from Proto-Indo-Europea

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

fort

From Middle English fort, from Middle French fort (“strong”) (adjective use is from Old French). Doublet of fortis and forte.

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

forte

Borrowed 1640–50; earlier fort < Middle French; disyllabic pronunciation by association with Italian forte, from Latin fortis (“strong”). Doublet of fort and fortis.

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forth

From Middle English forth, from Old English forþ, from Proto-West Germanic *forþ, from Proto-Germanic *furþą, from Proto-Indo-European *pŕ̥-to-, from *per-. Cognates include Dutch voort and German fort. See also ford.

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forty

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr Proto-Germanic *fedwōr Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥ Proto-Indo-European *-t Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥-t(-s) Proto-Germanic *tegun(dz) Proto-Germanic *tigiwiz Proto-Germanic *fed

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forum

From Latin forum (“public market place, forum”). Doublet of fuero and door.

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fos-

From phosphorus.

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foss

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

fossa

Unadapted borrowing from Latin fossa (“a ditch, trench, fosse”). Doublet of fosse.

2 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

fosse

From Middle English fosse, from Old French fosse, from Latin fossa (“ditch, trench”).

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fossé

From French fossé.

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fou

Borrowed from Scots fou. Compare full, a doublet.

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foud

From Old Norse fōgeti, cognate with German Vogt, from Latin vocatus, from vocare (“to call”). Doublet of Vogt.

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foul

Inherited from Middle English ffoul, foul, foull, fowel, fowle, fuyle, voul, vul, from Old English fūl (“foul, dirty, unclean, impure, vile, corrupt, rotten, stinking, guilty”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūl, from Proto-

3 source sections · 32 relationship mentions

found

See find.

3 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

fount

Clipping of fountain, on the pattern of the pair mount, mountain.

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four

PIE word *kʷetwóres Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr Proto-Germanic *fedwōr Proto-West Germanic *feuwar Old English fēower Middle English four English four From Middle English four, from Old English fēower, fr

2 source sections · 46 relationship mentions

fouse

From Middle English fousen, fusen, from Old English fȳsan (“to hasten”), from Proto-West Germanic *funsijan (“to make ready”). Doublet of feeze, fease, and faze.

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

fouta

From Arabic فُوطَة (fūṭa).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

fouth

Variant of fulth, from Middle English fulthe; equivalent to full + -th (abstract nominal suffix).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

fouty

Compare French foutu, past participle of foutre; Old French foutu (“scoundrel”). See fouter.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

fovea

From Latin fovea (“ditch, pit”). Doublet of foiba.

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fow

From Old Norse fága.

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fower

From Middle English fowere, foware, fowar; equivalent to fow + -er.

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fowl

From Middle English foul, foghel, fowel, fowele, from Old English fugol (“bird”), from Proto-West Germanic *fugl, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz, dissimilated variant of *fluglaz (compare Old English flugol ‘fleeing’, Merci

2 source sections · 24 relationship mentions

fox

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *púḱsos Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz Old English fox Middle English fox English fox From Middle English fox, from Old English fox (“fox”), from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs, from Proto-Germanic

2 source sections · 54 relationship mentions

foxeh

Affectionate corruption of foxie, equivalent to fox + -eh.

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foxen

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. By surface analysis, fox + -en (plural ending).

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foxer

Originally the code name for a British-built version of the device.

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foxie

From fox + -ie.

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foxly

From Middle English *foxlich (compare Middle English foxliche (adverb)), equivalent to fox + -ly.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

foxxo

From fox + -o. Compare doggo (“a dog”).

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foxy

From fox + -y. Compare Saterland Frisian fuksich (“foxy”), West Frisian foksich (“foxy”), Dutch vossig (“foxy”), German Low German vossig (“foxy”), German fuchsig (“foxy”).

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

foy

From Middle French foy. Doublet of faith.

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foyer

Borrowed from French foyer (“hearth, lobby”), in turn from Vulgar Latin *focārium, from Late Latin focārius, from Latin focus (“hearth”). Cognate with Spanish hogar (“home”).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

foyim

Blend of foid + goyim. Compare foidim.

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fpm

By initialism.

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fpoon

Blend of fork + spoon.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

fqih

From Moroccan Arabic فقيه (fqīh).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

fra

PIE word *bʰréh₂tēr From Italian frate. See friar.

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frac

Clipping of hydrofracking.

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frack

From an abbreviated form of fracture. Also found in English hydrofracking.

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fract

From Latin frāctus, past participle of frangere (“to break”).

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frag

Clipping of fragmentation grenade, from fragmentation + grenade.

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frail

From Middle English frele, fraill, from Old French fraile, from Latin fragilis. Cognate to fraction, fracture, and doublet of fragile.

4 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

frain

From Middle English fraynen, freinen (“to ask”), from Old English freġnan, friġnan (“to ask, inquire, learn”), from Proto-West Germanic *fregnan, from Proto-Germanic *frehnaną (“to ask”), from Proto-Indo-European *preḱ-

1 source section · 14 relationship mentions

frak

Coined by an author of Battlestar Galactica (TV series). It was English frack in the original series. Changed to frak in the later series to be a four-letter word. (Compare English fraked (“evil, wicked”) and English fra

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

frame

From Middle English framen, fremen, fremmen (“to construct, build, strengthen, refresh, perform, execute, profit, avail”), from Old English framian, fremian, fremman (“to profit, avail, advance”), from Proto-West Germani

2 source sections · 13 relationship mentions

franc

Borrowed from French franc. Doublet of Frank, frank, and farang.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

frank

From Middle English frank, from Old French franc (“free”), in turn from the name of an early Germanic confederation, the Franks, from Proto-West Germanic *frankō (“javelin, spear”). Doublet of Frank, franc, and farang.

4 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

frap

From Middle English frapen, from Old French fraper.

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

frape

Compare frap.

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frass

Borrowed from German Fraß.

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frat

Apocopic form of fraternity etc.

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frate

Borrowed from Italian frate. Doublet of friar.

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frau

Borrowed from German Frau. Doublet of frow, vrou, and vrouw.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

fraud

Inherited from Middle English fraude (recorded since 1345), from Old French fraude, a borrowing from Latin fraus (“deceit, injury, offence”).

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fray

The verb is derived from Late Middle English fraien (“to beat so as to cause bruising, to bruise; to crush; to rub; to wear, wear off”), borrowed from Old French fraier, freier, freiier (modern French frayer (“to clear,

4 source sections · 19 relationship mentions

freak

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *preg- Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Germanic *-az Proto-Germanic *frekaz Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Pr

3 source sections · 17 relationship mentions

fream

Probably a variant of freak.

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freck

The noun is a clipping of freckle (noun). Freckle is derived from frecken (“(obsolete except UK, dialectal) freckle”)), from Late Middle English fracle, frekel, frekle (“freckle; pimple; fleck of colour in a stone”), a v

2 source sections · 11 relationship mentions

free

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *preyH- Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Indo-European *priHós Proto-Germanic *frijwaz Proto-West Germanic *friu Old English frēo Middle English fre English free From Middle English fre,

3 source sections · 64 relationship mentions

freep

Back-formation from Freeper, from The Free Republic, a popular conservative forum.

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freet

From Middle English frete (“superstition”), from Old Norse frétt (“news, intelligence, inquiry, inquiry about the future”), from Proto-Germanic *frihtiz (“news, report, message, question, prophecy”), related to Icelandic

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

freit

From Old Norse frétt.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

freke

From Middle English freke (“a bold man, warrior, man, creature”), from Old English freca (“a bold man, warrior, hero”), from Proto-West Germanic [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *frekô (“an active or eagre man, warrior, wolf

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

frell

Coined for the TV show Farscape.

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fremd

From Middle English fremde, fremede (“strange, foreign”), from Old English fremde, fremede, fremeþe (“foreign, strange”), from Proto-West Germanic *framiþī, from Proto-Germanic *framaþiz (“foreign, not one's own”). Cogna

1 source section · 9 relationship mentions

fren

From Middle English frenne, contracted from forrene (“foreign”). See foreign (adjective).

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

freon

A genericization of the Chemours trademark "Freon." According to Flood, the name was formed from freeze and the arbitrary suffix -on.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

fresh

From Middle English fressh, from Old English fersċ (“fresh, pure, sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *frisk (“fresh”), from Proto-Germanic *friskaz (“fresh”), from Proto-Indo-European *preysk- (“fresh”). The verb is from

2 source sections · 26 relationship mentions

fress

From German fressen (“to eat, devour, gobble”) and/or Yiddish פֿרעסן (fresn), both from Middle High German vrëȥȥen, from Old High German frëȥȥan (“to eat up”), from Proto-West Germanic *fraetan, from Proto-Germanic *frae

1 source section · 10 relationship mentions

fret

From Middle English frēten (“to eat (at), corrode, destroy, annoy”), from Old English fretan (“to eat up, devour; to fret; to break, burst”), from Proto-West Germanic *fraetan, from Proto-Germanic *fraetaną (“to consume,

6 source sections · 28 relationship mentions

frett

See frit.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

frevo

From Portuguese, said to come from ferver (“to boil”).

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friar

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr Proto-Italic *frātēr Latin frāter Old French frerebor. Middle English frere English friar Inherited from Middle English frere, borrowed from Old French frere, from Latin frāt

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

fricc

From frick + -cc.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

frice

As if to continue the sequence once, twice, thrice with four.

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frico

Etymology tree Friulian fricobor. Italian fricobor. English frico Borrowed from Italian frico, borrowed from Friulian frico.

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fricy

Blend of fruity + spicy; a portmanteau; emerged in the mid-2020s.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

frig

From Middle English friggen (“to quiver”), perhaps from Old English *frygian (“to rub, caress”), related to Old English frēogan, frīgan (“to love, release, embrace, caress”), frīge (pl., “love”). Compare also Faroese frí

2 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

frill

Of uncertain origin.

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

frim

From Middle English frym, from Old English freme (“vigorous, flourishing”), a secondary form of Old English fram (“strenuous, active, bold, strong”), from Proto-Germanic *framaz, *framiz (“forward, protruding”), from Pro

2 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

frine

Of North Germanic origin, akin to Swedish dialectal fryna (“to wrinkle up one's nose, make a wry face”), Norwegian frøyna (“to wrinkle up one's nose, make a wry face”). Perhaps related to frown.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

frisk

From Middle English frisk (“lively, frisky”), from Middle French frisque (“lively, jolly, blithe, fine, spruce, gay”), of Germanic origin, perhaps from Middle Dutch frisc (“fresh”) or Old High German frisc (“fresh”), ult

1 source section · 16 relationship mentions

frist

From Middle English *frist, frest, first, furst, from Old English fierst (“period, space of time, time, respite, truce”), from Proto-Germanic *fristiz, *frestą (“date, appointed time”), from Proto-Indo-European *pres-, *

2 source sections · 11 relationship mentions

frit

Either from French fritte, from frit (“fried”), or else from Italian fritta f (“fried”).

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

frith

From Middle English frith, from Old English friþ, friþu (“peace, tranquility, security, refuge”), from Proto-West Germanic *friþu, from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace, reconciliation”), from Proto-Indo-European *priHós (

4 source sections · 30 relationship mentions

fritz

Unknown. See on the fritz, which appeared in 1902. Possibly from German name Fritz, or onomatopoeia.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

frizz

From Middle English frysen, from Old French friser, frizer (“to frizzle, crisp, curl, ruffle, braid, touch lightly, graze, scratch”), of Proto-Germanic origin, perhaps via Old Frankish *fris (“curl”), from Proto-Germanic

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

fro

From Middle English fro, fra, from Old English fra (“from”), from Old Norse frá (“from”), from Proto-Germanic *fram (“from”), from Proto-Indo-European *promo- (“forth, forward”). Cognate with Scots frae (“fro, from”), Ic

2 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

frob

Clipping of frobnicate, from frobnitz, coined circa 1958 by David R. Sawyer of the MIT Tech Model Railroad Club (TMRC). Year of origin uncertain, and could be 1958–1981: frob is not listed in the TMRC dictionaries of 195

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

frock

From Middle English frok, frokke, from Old French froc (“frock, a monk's gown or habit”), perhaps via Medieval Latin hrocus, roccus, rocus (“a coat”), from Frankish *hrokk (“skirt, dress, robe”), from Proto-Germanic *hru

2 source sections · 14 relationship mentions

froe

Abbreviation of obsolete frower, from froward (“turned away”), referring to the orientation of the blade, at right angles to the handle. From late 16th century.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions

frog

From Middle English frogge, from Old English frocga, from Proto-West Germanic *froggō (“frog”). Cognate with Old Norse frauki, and Old English frox, frosc, whence Modern English frosh and frosk (“frog”). Possibly related

6 source sections · 20 relationship mentions

frogg

Back-formation from froggery.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

frolf

Blend of Frisbee + golf.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

from

From Middle English from (“from”), from Old English from, fram (“forward, from”), from Proto-West Germanic *fram, from Proto-Germanic *fram (“forward, from, away”). Cognate with Old Saxon fram (“from”) and Old High Germa

1 source section · 15 relationship mentions

frond

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewd-der.? Latin frons, frond-bor. English frond Borrowed from Latin frons, frond- (“leafy branch”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

frons

Borrowed from Latin frōns (“the forehead, brow, front”). Doublet of front.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

front

Etymology tree Latin frontem Old French frontbor. Middle English frount English front From Middle English front, frunt, frount, from Old French front, frunt, from Latin frōns, frontem (“forehead”). Doublet of frons.

3 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

frood

From Middle English *frood, *frode, *frod, from Old English frōd (“wise, prudent; experienced, old”), from Proto-Germanic *frōdaz (“wise, clever”), from Proto-Indo-European *pret- (“to understand”). Cognate with North Fr

1 source section · 10 relationship mentions

froot

Blend of front + boot.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

frore

From Middle English frore, froare, yfrore, froren, from Old English froren, ġefroren (“frozen”), from Proto-West Germanic *froʀan, from Proto-Germanic *fruzanaz (“frozen”), past participle of Proto-Germanic *freusaną (“t

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

frorn

From Middle English froren, from Old English froren, ġefroren (“frozen”), from Proto-West Germanic *froʀan, from Proto-Germanic *fruzanaz (“frozen”), past participle of Proto-Germanic *freusaną (“to freeze”). Doublet of

1 source section · 9 relationship mentions

frory

From frore + -y. Compare Old English frēoriġ (“freezing, frozen, cold, chilly; blanched with fear, sad, mournful”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

frosh

From Middle English frossh, frosch, from Old English frosc, from Proto-Germanic *fruskaz (“frog”), from Proto-Indo-European *prew- (“to jump, hop”). Cognate with West Frisian froask (“frog”), Dutch vors (“frog”), German

2 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

frosk

From Middle English frosk, from Old English frosc, frox (“frog”) and Old Norse froskr (“frog”); both from Proto-Germanic *fruskaz, *fruþskaz (“frog”), from Proto-Indo-European *prew- (“to jump, hop”). Doublet of frosh.

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

frost

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *prews- Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *prustós Proto-Germanic *frustaz Proto-West Germanic *frost Old English frost Middle English frost English frost From Middle Englis

1 source section · 13 relationship mentions

frosé

Blend of frozen + rosé.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

frot

From Middle English frotten, froten, from Old French froter (“to rub, polish”), of obscure origin.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

frote

From French frotter.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

froth

From Middle English froth, frooth, froþ, likely a borrowing from Old Norse froða, from Proto-Germanic *fruþǭ; Old English āfrēoþan (“to foam, froth”) is from same Germanic root. Verb attested from late 14th century. Comp

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

froup

Shortening of newsfroup.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

frow

From Middle Dutch vrouwe (“lady”), from Old Dutch *frōwa, from Proto-West Germanic *frauwjā, from Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ (“lady, mistress”), from Proto-Indo-European *prōw- (“right; judge, master”). Cognate with Dutch vr

2 source sections · 20 relationship mentions

frown

From Middle English frown, froun (“a threatening appearance; lowering of the clouds”), from frounen (“to frown”). See below.

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

frug

Unknown. Perhaps related to frig.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fruit

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewHg- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHgyéti Proto-Italic *frūgjōr Proto-Italic *frūjōr Latin fruor Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Italic *-tus Latin -tus Latin

2 source sections · 22 relationship mentions

frum

Borrowed from Yiddish פֿרום (frum, “pious”). Related to German fromm and Dutch vroom.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

frump

Probably a contraction of late Middle English frumpylle (“wrinkle”), from Middle Dutch verrompelen, originally equivalent to for- + rump + -le.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

frunk

Blend of front + trunk.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

frush

From Old French fruscher, from Vulgar Latin *frustiāre (“break into pieces”), from Latin frustum (“bit, fragment”). Compare French froisser.

2 source sections · 5 relationship mentions

fry

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵ-der.? Latin frīgō Old French frirebor. Middle English fryen English fry Inherited from Middle English fryen, borrowed from Old French frire, from Latin frīgō. Cognate with Ancien

3 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

fryer

From fry + -er (agent noun suffix) or + -er (patient suffix).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fryum

Source etymology material for fryum; no narrative etymology was supplied in this snapshot.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fsck

Abbreviation of file system check in imitation of fuck.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fu

From fuck + you.

4 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

fuang

From Thai เฟื้อง (fʉ́ʉang).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

fuark

A humorous or dialectical corruption of the word fuck.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fub

Variant of fob (“cheat, trick”).

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fubby

Etymology tree English fub Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English fubby From fub + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

fubsy

fubs (variant of fub) + -y

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fubu

Abbreviation of fuck buddy.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fucc

From fuck + -cc.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

fuck

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- Proto-Germanic *fukkōną Old English *fuccian Middle English *fukken English fuck From Middle English *fukken, probably of Germanic origin: either from Old English *fuccian or Old

2 source sections · 12 relationship mentions

fucko

From bucko and fuck.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

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Read the layers separately

These source reports extend Wiktionary’s work through Kaikki / Wiktextract, with attribution and visible extraction limits. A relationship mentioned in a source is not automatically the immediate parent of a word. Newly written research analyses cite their own references. The reviewed graph has a separate evidence contract and counter.

The full multilingual corpus remains local; this directory covers only the bounded English slice. See exactly what has been acquired and published →