Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗noun
A stranger; someone who is not a relative; a guest. · An enmity.
adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryStrange, unusual, out of the ordinary; unfamiliar. · Not kin, unrelated; foreign. · Wild; untamed.
From Middle English fremde, fremede (“strange, foreign”), from Old English fremde, fremede, fremeþe (“foreign, strange”), from Proto-West Germanic *framiþī, from Proto-Germanic *framaþiz (“foreign, not one's own”). Cognate with Scots fremmit, frempt (“fremd”), West Frisian frjemd (“strange, fremd”), Dutch vreemd (“strange, foreign”), German fremd (“fremd, strange, foreign”), Swedish främmande (“foreign, outlandish, strange”). More at from.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionfremdeenm
- Inherited-form mentionfremdeang
- Inherited-form mention*framiþīgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*framaþizgem-pro · foreign, not one's own
- Cognate mentionfremmitsco
- Cognate mentionfrjemdfy · strange, fremd
- Cognate mentionvreemdnl · strange, foreign
- Cognate mentionfremdde · fremd, strange, foreign
- Cognate mentionfrämmandesv · foreign, outlandish, strange
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fremde"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fremde"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fremde"
},
"expansion": "Old English fremde"
},
{
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},
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *framaþiz (“foreign, not one's own”)"
},
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"expansion": "Scots fremmit"
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"t": "strange, fremd"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian frjemd (“strange, fremd”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vreemd",
"t": "strange, foreign"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vreemd (“strange, foreign”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "fremd",
"t": "fremd, strange, foreign"
},
"expansion": "German fremd (“fremd, strange, foreign”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "främmande",
"t": "foreign, outlandish, strange"
},
"expansion": "Swedish främmande (“foreign, outlandish, strange”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"fremde",
"fremde#Middle_English"
],
[
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],
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],
[
"fremede",
"fremede#Old_English"
],
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[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/framiþī"
],
[
"*framaþiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/framaþiz"
],
[
"fremmit",
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],
[
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],
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],
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],
[
"främmande",
"främmande#Swedish"
],
[
"from",
"from#English"
]
],
"references": [],
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"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A stranger; someone who is not a relative; a guest.",
"An enmity."
],
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"Not kin, unrelated; foreign.",
"Wild; untamed."
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