*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of frisk

From Middle English frisk (“lively, frisky”), from Middle French frisque (“lively, jolly, blithe, fine, spruce, gay”), of Germanic origin, perhaps from Middle Dutch frisc (“fresh”) or Old High German frisc (“fresh”), ult

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
verb

To frolic, gambol, skip, dance, leap. · To search (someone) by feeling their body and clothing. · To search (a place).

adj

Lively; brisk.

noun

A little playful skip or leap; a brisk and lively movement. · The act of frisking, of searching for something by feeling someone's body.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English frisk (“lively, frisky”), from Middle French frisque (“lively, jolly, blithe, fine, spruce, gay”), of Germanic origin, perhaps from Middle Dutch frisc (“fresh”) or Old High German frisc (“fresh”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *friskaz (“fresh”). Cognate with Icelandic frískur (“frisky, fresh”). Doublet of fresco and fresh. More at fresh. Alternative etymology derives frisk from an alteration (due to Old French fresche (“fresh”)) of Old French fricque, frique (“smart, strong, playful, bright”), from Gothic *𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍃 (*friks, “greedy, hungry”), from Proto-Germanic *frekaz, *frakaz (“greedy, active”), from Proto-Indo-European *preg- (“greedy, fierce”). Cognate with Middle Dutch vrec (“greedy, avaricious”), German frech (“insolent”), Old English frec (“greedy, eager, bold, daring, dangerous”). More at freak.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionfriskenm · lively, frisky
  • Derivation mentionfrisquefrm · lively, jolly, blithe, fine, spruce, gay
  • Derivation mentionfriscdum · fresh
  • Derivation mentionfriscgoh · fresh
  • Derivation mention*friskazgem-pro · fresh
  • Cognate mentionfrískuris · frisky, fresh
  • Doublet mentionfrescoen
  • Doublet mentionfreshen
  • Cognate mentionfreschefro · fresh
  • Derivation mentionfricquefro
  • Derivation mention*𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍃got · greedy, hungry
  • Derivation mention*frekazgem-pro
  • Derivation mention*preg-ine-pro · greedy, fierce
  • Cognate mentionvrecdum · greedy, avaricious
  • Cognate mentionfrechde · insolent
  • Cognate mentionfrecang · greedy, eager, bold, daring, dangerous
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "frisk",
        "t": "lively, frisky"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English frisk (“lively, frisky”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "frisque",
        "t": "lively, jolly, blithe, fine, spruce, gay"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French frisque (“lively, jolly, blithe, fine, spruce, gay”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "frisc",
        "t": "fresh"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch frisc (“fresh”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "frisc",
        "t": "fresh"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German frisc (“fresh”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*friskaz",
        "t": "fresh"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *friskaz (“fresh”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "frískur",
        "t": "frisky, fresh"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic frískur (“frisky, fresh”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fresco",
        "3": "fresh"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of fresco and fresh"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "fresche",
        "t": "fresh"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French fresche (“fresh”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fricque"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French fricque"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "got",
        "3": "*𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍃",
        "t": "greedy, hungry"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic *𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍃 (*friks, “greedy, hungry”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*frekaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frekaz"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*preg-",
        "t": "greedy, fierce"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *preg- (“greedy, fierce”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "vrec",
        "t": "greedy, avaricious"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch vrec (“greedy, avaricious”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "frech",
        "t": "insolent"
      },
      "expansion": "German frech (“insolent”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "frec",
        "t": "greedy, eager, bold, daring, dangerous"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English frec (“greedy, eager, bold, daring, dangerous”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "frisk",
      "frisk#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "frisque",
      "frisque#Middle_French"
    ],
    [
      "frisc",
      "frisc#Middle_Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "frisc",
      "frisc#Old_High_German"
    ],
    [
      "*friskaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/friskaz"
    ],
    [
      "frískur",
      "frískur#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "fresco",
      "fresco#English"
    ],
    [
      "fresh",
      "fresh#English"
    ],
    [
      "fresh",
      "fresh#English"
    ],
    [
      "fresche",
      "fresche#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "fricque",
      "fricque#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "frique",
      "frique#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "*𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍃",
      "Reconstruction:Gothic/𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍃"
    ],
    [
      "*frekaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frekaz"
    ],
    [
      "*frakaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frakaz"
    ],
    [
      "*preg-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/preg-"
    ],
    [
      "vrec",
      "vrec#Middle_Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "frech",
      "frech#German"
    ],
    [
      "frec",
      "frec#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "freak",
      "freak#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To frolic, gambol, skip, dance, leap.",
        "To search (someone) by feeling their body and clothing.",
        "To search (a place)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
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      ],
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 236726
    },
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Lively; brisk."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
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    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A little playful skip or leap; a brisk and lively movement.",
        "The act of frisking, of searching for something by feeling someone's body."
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
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    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for frisk →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-ZnJpc2s