The English source dictionary · partial corpus coverage

English word origins · page 97

35,981 permanent word records. Read the source etymologies, inspect mentioned relationships and see where the evidence stops. These are not 35,981 independently reviewed deep dives.

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Page 97 of 180

buh

Possibly influenced by bih ("bitch"). Equivalent to butt + -h.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

buhl

A pronunciation spelling of Boulle, a French woodcarver.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

Etymology tree Proto-West Germanic *buþlijan Old English bytlan Middle English bilden English build From Middle English bilden, buylden, bylden, from Old English byldan and bytlan, bytlian (“to build”), from Proto-West G

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

bujo

Clipping of Bullet Journal, a registered trademark, so named from the frequent use of bullet points to organize information in them.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

buk

Borrowed from Korean 북 (buk).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

buka

From Javanese [Term?].

3 source sections · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

buko

Borrowed from Tagalog buko.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

buky

From Old Church Slavonic боукꙑ (buky), from Proto-Slavic *buky, from Proto-West Germanic *bōku. Doublet of beech.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

bulat

Borrowed from Russian булат (bulat), ultimately from Persian پولاد or فولاد (“steel”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

bulau

Native name.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bulb

Etymology tree Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós)bor. Latin bulbusder. English bulb Inherited from Middle English bulb, bolbe, from Latin bulbus (“bulb, onion”), from Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós, “plant with round swelling o

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

bulby

From bulb + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bulge

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- Proto-Indo-European *bʰólǵʰ-o-s Proto-Celtic *bolgos Gaulish bolgābor. Latin bulgalbor. Old Northern French boulgebor. Middle English bulge English bulge From Middle English bu

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

bulgy

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

bulk

From Middle English bulk, bolke (“a heap, cargo, hold; heap; bulge”), borrowed from Old Norse búlki (“the freight or the cargo of a ship”), from Proto-Germanic *bulkô (“beam, pile, heap”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

bulka

From Polish bułka, Russian and Ukrainian бу́лка (búlka), and Yiddish בולקע (bulke).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

bulky

From Middle English bulki, boulky, equivalent to bulk + -y.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

bull

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- Proto-Germanic *bulô Old English bula ▲ Proto-Germanic *bulô Old Norse bolibor. Middle English bole English bull From Middle English bole, bul, bule, from a conflation of Old Eng

5 source sections · 37 relationship mentions

bulla

Borrowed from Latin bulla (“bubble”). Doublet of bill and bull (“papal bull; bubble”).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

bully

From 1530, as a term of endearment, probably a diminutive ( + -y) of Dutch boel (“lover; brother”), from Middle Dutch boel, boele (“brother; lover”), from Old Dutch *buolo, from Proto-Germanic *bōlô (compare Middle Low G

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

bulse

Borrowed from Portuguese bolsa. Doublet of purse and bolsa.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

bult

From Afrikaans bult, that from Dutch bult.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

bum

Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, "his bom is oute"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme

6 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

bumbo

Perhaps from Italian (baby-talk) bombo (“drink”), of imitative origin.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bumf

Clipping of bumfodder.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bummy

From bum + -y.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bump

From Early Modern English bump (“a shock, blow from a collision”), probably of North Germanic origin; compare Danish bump (“a thump”), Danish bumpe (“to thump”), Old Danish bumpe (“to strike with a clenched fist”), all p

2 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

bumpy

Etymology tree English bump Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English bumpy From bump + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

bun

From Middle English bunne (“wheat cake, bun”), from Anglo-Norman bugne (“bump on the head; fritter”), from Old French bugne (hence French beignet), from Frankish *bungjo (“little clump”), diminutive of *bungu (“lump, clu

5 source sections · 17 relationship mentions

bunce

Costermonger jargon bunts, perhaps from bonus.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bunch

From Middle English bunche, bonche (“hump, swelling”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant of *bunge (compare dialectal bung (“heap, grape bunch”)), from Proto-Germanic *bunkō, *bunkô, *bungǭ (“heap, crowd”), from Pro

1 source section · 20 relationship mentions

bunco

Reportedly from Spanish banca, a card game.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

bund

From German Bund (“alliance, league”). Doublet of Bund, bond, and band.

3 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

bunda

Etymology tree Proto-Bantu *bʊ́ndá Kimbundu mbundabor. Brazilian Portuguese bundabor. English bunda Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese bunda, borrowed from Kimbundu mbunda, from Proto-Bantu *bʊ́ndá.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

bundh

Variant of bund, from Urdu بند; see that entry for more.

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

bundt

From German Bundkuchen, from Bund (“tied together”) + Kuchen (“cake”).

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

bundu

From Shona bundo (“grassland”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

bundy

Named after brothers Willard and Harlow Bundy.

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bung

From Medieval Dutch bonge, bonne or bonghe (“stopper”), or perhaps from French bonde, which may itself be either of Germanic origin or from Proto-Celtic *bunda—either way probably from puncta (“hole”), the feminine singu

3 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

bungo

Borrowed from Japanese 文(ぶん)語(ご) (bungo, “writing language”).

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bunji

From Warlpiri [Term?], and other related languages of the Northern Territory and northern Queensland.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bunk

Sense of sleeping berth possibly from Scottish Scottish English bunker (“seat, bench”), the origin of which is uncertain but possibly Scandinavian (North Germanic); compare Old Swedish bunke (“boards used to protect the

3 source sections · 1 relationship mention

bunky

From bunk + -y.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

bunny

Etymology tree Scottish Gaelic bunder.? Scots bunbor.? English bun Proto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij- Proto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English bunny From bun (“rabbit”) + -y (diminutive s

5 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

bunso

Borrowed from Tagalog bunso, from earlier bungso, an early borrowing from Malay bongsu (“lastborn”), ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋsu.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

bunt

Unknown. Perhaps a nasalised variant of butt.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bunya

From Yagara bunya bunya, Gabi bunyi, Wakawaka bunyi.

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

buoy

From Middle English boy, boye, from Middle Dutch boeye (“float, buoy”), from Old French boue (“piece of wood or cork that floats above an anchor to indicate where it is anchored”) (modern French bouée), ultimately from F

2 source sections · 22 relationship mentions

bur

From Middle English burre, of unknown origin but probably from North Germanic (Scandinavian) source or from Old English byrst (“bristle”). See also burr. Compare English bristle, Danish burre (“bur, burdock”), Norwegian

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

burb

Clipping of suburb.

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burd

From Middle English berde (“woman, lady, young lady”), possibly from Old English byrde, ġebyrde (“of noble birth”), from byrd, ġebyrd (“birth”), or from an unattested *byrde (“embroideress”). Possibly the origin of the E

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

burek

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بورك (börek).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

burel

From Middle English burel, burrel, borel, from Old French burel, diminutive of *bure (compare Middle French bure (“coarse woolen cloth”), French bourre (“hair, fluff”)), from Late Latin burra (“wool, fluff, shaggy cloth,

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

burg

The historical sense is from Late Latin burgus, from Frankish *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“borough, fortification”). Doublet of borough, Brough, burgh, burh, and bury. Also compare burgess. The modern sense may ha

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

burgh

From Middle English borwe, borgh, burgh, buruh, from Old English burh, from Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“city, stronghold”). Cf. Strasbourg. Cognate with Dutch burg, French bourg, German Burg,

1 source section · 13 relationship mentions

burh

Learned borrowing from Old English burh. Doublet of borough, burg, burgh, and bury.

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

burin

From French burin. Doublet of boline.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

burka

From Hindustani برقع / बुरक़ा (burqā), from Classical Persian برقع (burqa'), from Arabic بُرْقُع (burquʕ).

2 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

burke

Eponymous, from William Burke.

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burl

From Middle English burle (“a knot or flaw in cloth”), from Old French bourle (“flocks or ends of threads which disfigure cloth”), diminutive of Old French bourre, from Medieval Latin burra (“flock of wool, coarse hair”)

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

burle

Borrowed from French burle.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

burly

From Middle English burly, burely, borly, burlich, borlich, borlic (“tall, stately”), of uncertain origin. Cognate with Scots burely, burly (“rough, stout, sturdy, strong”). Perhaps from Old English *būrlīċ (“noble, stat

2 source sections · 7 relationship mentions

burn

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-der. Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw- Proto-Indo-European *bʰrénuh₁e-? Proto-Germanic *brinnaną Proto-West Germanic *brinnan Old English biernan ▲ Proto-Germanic *brinnaną Proto-In

3 source sections · 74 relationship mentions

burnt

Inherited from Middle English brent, brynt; by surface analysis, burn + t.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

burny

From burn + -y.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

buron

Borrowed from French buron, from Middle French buron, from Old French buiron (“cabin, hut”), from Frankish *būr (“dwelling, residence”), from Proto-Germanic *būraz (“room, chamber, dwelling”), from Proto-Indo-European *b

1 source section · 9 relationship mentions

buroo

Representing a Scottish pronunciation of bureau.

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burp

Originally from American English, of imitative origin.

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burpy

From burp + -y.

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burqa

Borrowed from Hindustani (Hindi बुरक़ा (burqā) / Urdu بُرْقَع (burqa')), from Classical Persian بُرْقَع (burqa'), from Arabic بُرْقُع (burquʕ).

1 source section · 5 relationship mentions

burr

From Middle English burre, perhaps related to Old English byrst (“bristle”). Cognate with Danish burre, borre (“burdock, burr”), Swedish borre (“sea-urchin”).

4 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

burra

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥dᶻdʰás Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddha) Ashokan Prakrit 𑀯𑀼𑀠 (vuḍha) Prakrit 𑀯𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (vuḍḍha)? Prakrit 𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀟 (vaḍḍa) Hindi बड़ा (

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

burro

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ Proto-Hellenic *pāwər Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr) Proto-Indo-European *-rós Proto-Hellenic *-rós Ancient Greek -ρός (-rós) Ancient Greek πῠρρός (pŭrrhós)bor. Latin burrus Proto-Ind

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

burry

From Middle English burry, bury, equivalent to bur + -y.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

bursa

Borrowed from Medieval Latin bursa (“purse”), from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa); compare purse and bourse, which are doublets.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

burse

Borrowed from Middle French bourse, from Old French borse, from Latin bursa, from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa). Doublet of purse, compare French bourse (“purse, fund”).

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

burst

From Middle English bresten, bersten, from Old English berstan, from Proto-West Germanic *brestan, from Proto-Germanic *brestaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰres- (“to burst, break, crack, split, separate”), enlargement

1 source section · 10 relationship mentions

bury

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ-der. Proto-Germanic *burgijaną Proto-West Germanic *burgijan Old English byrġan Middle English birien English bury Middle English birien, berien, from Old English byrġan, from P

2 source sections · 14 relationship mentions

bus

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-der. Proto-Italic *opnis Latin omnis Latin omnibuslbor. French omnibusbor. English omnibusclip. English bus Clipping of omnibus. Superseded earlier 'bus, where the apostrophe indi

3 source sections · 0 relationship mentions

busby

Various theories; probably from the surname Busby.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bush

From Middle English bush, from Old English *busċ, *bysċ (“copse, grove, scrub”, in placenames), from Proto-West Germanic *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“bush, thicket”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to

6 source sections · 23 relationship mentions

bushy

Etymology tree English bush Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English bushy From bush + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

busk

Apparently from French busquer or Spanish buscar.

4 source sections · 6 relationship mentions

buss

Uncertain. First attested in the 1560s. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰus- (“lip, to kiss”) via Proto-Germanic *busaną (compare German bussen), but in any case imitative of kissing. Compare Welsh bus (“kiss, lip”)

6 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

bussy

From bus + -y (diminutive suffix).

3 source sections · 5 relationship mentions

bust

From Middle English busten, a variant of bursten, bresten (“to burst”). Compare Low German basten, a variant of barsten (“to burst”). Cognate with burst and bost.

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

busta

Non-rhotic pronunciation of buster.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

busto

Etymology tree Latin būstum Italian bustobor. English busto Borrowed from Italian busto.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

busty

Etymology tree Latin būstum Italian bustobor. French bustebor. English bust Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English busty From bust (“br

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

busy

From Middle English bisy, busie, from Old English bisiġ (“busy, occupied, diligent”), from Proto-West Germanic *bisīg (“diligent; zealous; busy”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian biesich (“active, diligent, hard-working,

3 source sections · 16 relationship mentions

but

From Middle English but, buten, boute, bouten, from Old English būtan (“without, outside of, except, only”), from Proto-West Germanic *biūtan, *biūtini, equivalent to be- + out. Cognate with Scots but, bot (“outside, wit

1 source section · 11 relationship mentions

but-

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws Proto-Hellenic *gʷous Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs) Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-rós Proto-Indo-European *tuh₂rós Proto-Hellenic *tūrós Ancient Greek τῡρός (tūró

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

buta

Borrowed from Classical Persian بته (butta); see boteh.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

butch

Originally, it was probably used as an abbreviation of butcher. Later, in the 1940s, the sense of “masculine lesbian” developed.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions

bute

From its middle syllable.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

buteo

From the genus name Buteo, from Latin būteō.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

butoh

From Japanese 舞踏 (butō). The trailing “h” is to indicate the pronunciation; compare bokeh.

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

butt

From Middle English but, butte (“goal, mark, butt of land”), from Old English byt, bytt (“small piece of land”) and *butt (attested in diminutive Old English buttuc (“end, small piece of land”) > English buttock), from P

6 source sections · 33 relationship mentions

butte

PIE word *bʰudʰmḗn Borrowed from French butte (“mound”). Related to butt via a West Germanic cognate.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

butty

Clipping of buttered sandwich or bun + -y. Compare Saterland Frisian Buutje (“buttered bread (sandwich)”).

3 source sections · 1 relationship mention

butut

Borrowed from Wolof butuut.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

butyl

PIE word *gʷṓws Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws Proto-Hellenic *gʷous Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs) Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-rós Proto-Indo-European *tuh₂rós Proto-Hellenic *tūrós Ancient G

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

buuz

From Mongolian бууз (buuz). Doublet of baozi.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

bux

From bucks (plural of buck) with -x replacing the /ks/ sound.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

buxee

From Hindi [Term?].

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

buxom

From Middle English buxom, also ibucsum, ibuhsum (“bendsome, flexible, pliant, obedient”), from Old English bōcsum, *būhsum, *ġebūhsum (“bendsome, pliant, obedient”), from Proto-West Germanic *beuhsam, *beugsam, equivale

1 source section · 10 relationship mentions

buy

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ-der. Proto-Germanic *bugjaną Proto-West Germanic *buggjan Old English bycġan Middle English byen English buy From Middle English byen, from Old English bycġan (“to buy, pay for,

2 source sections · 22 relationship mentions

buyer

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ-der. Proto-Germanic *bugjaną Proto-West Germanic *buggjan Old English bycġan Middle English byen English buy Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-os? Proto-Indo-Europ

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

buyo

From Spanish buyo (“betel”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

buyup

From buy + up, from the phrasal verb.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

buzuq

From Arabic بزق. Doublet of bouzouki.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

buzz

From Middle English *bussen (suggested by Middle English bussyng (“buzzing”)), of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Scots bizz (“to buzz”). Compare Middle English bunning (“buzzing”), Middle English hossing (“buzzing”),

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

buzzy

Etymology tree English buzz Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English buzzy From buzz + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

bwaaa

Imitative; compare waa.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bwana

Etymology tree Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔab- Proto-Semitic *ʔabw- Arabic أَبُونَا (ʔabūnā)bor. Swahili bwanabor. English bwana Borrowed from Swahili bwana (“master”), from Arabic أَبُونَا (ʔabūnā, “our father”). Doublet of abb

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

bwuh

Likely an alteration of bruh and wha

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

by

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der. Proto-Indo-European *h₁épsder. Proto-Indo-European *h₁épider. Proto-Indo-European *h₁pi Proto-Germanic *bi Proto-West Germanic *bī Old English bī Middle English by English by

2 source sections · 20 relationship mentions

by-

From Middle English by (“town”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse býr (“dwelling, town”), from Proto-Germanic *būwiz (“dwelling”). Cognate with Danish by (“town”). More at bower.

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

bydlo

Borrowed from Polish bydło (“cattle”) or Russian бы́дло (býdlo, “cattle”) in online culture; compare the connotative uses of redneck and sheeple.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

bye

Variant form of by, from Old English bī (“being near”).

4 source sections · 1 relationship mention

byen

A dialectal reflex of Northern Middle English bane (“bone”), featuring the local change of Middle English /aː/ to /jɛ/.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

byion

From by- + ion.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief record

byke

Blend of bi- (“bisexual”) + dyke (“lesbian”).

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bylaw

From Middle English bylawe, bilawe, partly from Old English bīlage (“bylaw”) and partly from a variant of Middle English byrelawe, birlawe, from Old Norse býjar (“town's; settlement's”) + lǫg (“laws; jurisdiction”). Byrl

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

bylee

From Hindi बहली (bahlī), from Sanskrit वह् (vah, “to carry”).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

byobu

Borrowed from Japanese 屏風

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

byock

Unknown; the Italian bajocco (“brown”) entered English in the 16th century as byock or baiock (“a small Italian copper coin”), but any relationship with this word seems unlikely.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

byre

From Middle English bire, bier, byr, from Old English bȳre.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

byte

An alteration of the word bite so it would not be accidentally misspelled as bit. Coined by Werner Buchholz in 1956, during the early design phase for the IBM 7030 Stretch computer.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

byter

From byte + -er.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

byway

From Middle English bywey, equivalent to by- + way.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

bzz

Imitative. Compare buzz.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bzzt

Imitative.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

bélé

Possibly from French belle aire, though African origins have been suggested.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

c

Old English lower case letter c, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case c of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚳ (c, “cen”).

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions

c-

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- Proto-Indo-European *grebʰ-der. Proto-Indo-European *grébʰ-ōn ~ *grbʰ-n-ōs Proto-Germanic *krebô Proto-Germanic *kribjǭ Proto-West Germanic *kribbjā Old English cribb Middle Eng

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

c.

In English law, in the sense of "chapter", a preservation of Latin capitulum or caput (“head; heading, chapter”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

c14n

A numeronym representation of canonicalization as c followed by 14 more letters, followed by n.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

c15n

A numeronym representation of contextualization as c followed by 15 more letters, followed by n.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

cLWTS

Term invented by Garrett Chiado in 2016.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

cSNP

Abbreviation of coding SNP.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

cab

Clipping of cabriolet.

4 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

cabal

From French cabale, from Medieval Latin cabbala, which in turn is derived from Hebrew קַבָּלָה (kabalá, “Jewish mysticism”, literally “reception, something received”) (such as knowledge). Doublet of Kabbalah, as well as,

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

cabas

From French cabas.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

cabby

Etymology tree English cab Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English cabby From cab + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

caber

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kápros Proto-Italic *kapros Latin caper Latin *capreus Medieval Latin *capriōbor. Scottish Gaelic cabarbor. English caber From Scottish Gaelic cabar (“spar, pole”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention

cabin

From Middle English caban, cabane, from Old French cabane, from Medieval Latin capanna (“a cabin”); see further etymology there. Doublet of cabana and cabane.

2 source sections · 8 relationship mentions

cable

Recorded since c.1205 as Middle English cable, from Old Northern French cable, from Late Latin capulum (“lasso, rope, halter”), from Latin capiō (“to take, seize”). Use of the term "cable" to refer to the USD/GBP exchang

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

cabré

From French cabré, from cabrer (“to rear up”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

cac

Acronym of cracker-ass cracker. Emerged on African-American internet forums in the early 2000s. Originally spelled in uppercase (see CAC), with the lowercase form becoming more popular in the 2010s. The reduplication "cr

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

caca

From cack (“to defecate in (one's clothes), crap one's pants”), or from Middle English cakken, from Old English *cacian, from Old English cac (“dung; excrement”); either way, ultimately from Latin cacare (“to shit, defec

1 source section · 21 relationship mentions

cacao

From Spanish cacao, from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl. Doublet of cocoa.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

cache

From French cache (as used by French Canadian trappers to mean “hiding place for stores”), from the verb cacher (“to hide”).

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

cacik

From Turkish cacık, from Ottoman Turkish جاجیق (cacık). Doublet of tzatziki.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

cack

Onomatopoeia; see cackle.

4 source sections · 9 relationship mentions

cacks

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief record

cacky

From cack + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

caco-

From Latinized form of Ancient Greek κακός (kakós, “bad”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

cad

Short for caddie, from Scots, from French cadet, from Occitan capdet (“chief, captain”), from Latin capitellum, diminutive of caput (“head”).

2 source sections · 4 relationship mentions

caddr

Contraction of car of the cdr of the cdr.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

caddy

An alteration of catty (“(unit of) weight used in China, equivalent to 1⅓ pounds avoirdupois (about 0.605 kilograms)”), borrowed from Malay kati (“weight used in China, Indonesia, and Japan”), from Tamil கட்டி (kaṭṭi, “m

2 source sections · 3 relationship mentions

cade

From Middle English cade, kad, kod, ultimately of unknown origin.

3 source sections · 6 relationship mentions

cadel

From Latin capitellum, diminuitive of Latin caput (“head”), from Proto-Indo-European *kauput- (English head), itself from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Doublet of captain. Cognate with French cadeau. Doublet of caddie, cade

1 source section · 12 relationship mentions

cadet

Borrowed from French cadet, from Gascon capdet, from Late Latin capitellum (“small head”). Attested in English from 1634. Doublet of caddie, cadeau, cadel, capital, capitellum, and caudillo.

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

cadge

From Middle English caggen (“to tie, fasten, bind”), probably from Old Norse. Compare Old Norse kǫgurr (“quilt”), kǫgurbarn (“swaddled child”).

2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions

cadis

Borrowed from French cadis.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

cadr

Contraction of car of the cdr.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

cadre

Borrowed from French cadre, from Italian quadro (“framed painting, square”), from Latin quadrum, from quattuor (“four”).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

caer

From Welsh caer.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

caf

Clippings.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

caff

Clipping of cafeteria.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

caffè

Borrowed from Italian caffè. Doublet of café and coffee.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

café

Unadapted borrowing from French café (“coffee; coffee shop”). Doublet of caffè and coffee.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

cag

From Middle English kag, of North Germanic origin, related to Old Norse kaggi, Swedish kagge.

4 source sections · 14 relationship mentions

cage

From Middle English cage, from Old French cage, from Latin cavea. Doublet of cadge and cavea and related to jail.

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

cager

From cage + -er.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

cagey

Initially US colloquial, of unknown origin. A connection with the behavior of caged prisoners (wary and closed-lipped) and caged animals (wary) has been speculated. If so, by surface analysis, cage + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

cah

Borrowed from Jamaican Creole cah (“because”). Ultimately from English because.

1 source section · 2 relationship mentions

cahiz

From Spanish cahíz, from Old Spanish cafiz, from Andalusian Arabic and Arabic قَفِيز (qafīz, “qafiz”), from Aramaic קְפִיזָא and Classical Syriac ܩܦܝܙܐ (qəp̄īzā), of uncertain derivation from Egyptian, Akkadian, and simi

1 source section · 8 relationship mentions

cahow

Imitative of its cry.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

caid

From Arabic قَائِد (qāʔid, “leader”), probably through French caïd (or at least influenced by it in pronunciation). Doublet of alcaide and Alkaid.

2 source sections · 6 relationship mentions

cail

Unknown. Perhaps from or related to Middle English kayl (“a blow, stroke”). Compare Middle English quale (“death, destruction”), from Old English cwalu (“a quelling with weapons, torment, a violent death, slaughter, dest

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

cair

From Middle English cairen, kayren, from Old Norse keyra (“to whip, lash, fling, toss, prick on, drive”), from Proto-Germanic *kaurijaną (“to turn, sweep”). Cognate with Icelandic keyra (“to run, drive, urge”), Swedish k

1 source section · 9 relationship mentions

caird

From Irish ceard (“a tinker”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

cairn

From Scots cairn, from Scottish Gaelic càrn, from Old Irish carn, from Proto-Celtic *karnos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”). Compare Welsh carn, Cornish carn. Doublet of carn and horn.

1 source section · 9 relationship mentions

cajon

Borrowed from Spanish cajón.

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

cajón

From Spanish cajón, augmentative of caja (“box”). Doublet of cajon, caisson, and cassone.

1 source section · 4 relationship mentions

cake

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *kakǭ Old Norse kakabor. Middle English cake English cake From Middle English cake, from Old Norse kaka (“cake”) (compare Norwegian kake, Icelandic/Swedish kaka, Danish kage), from Proto-Ger

2 source sections · 10 relationship mentions

caker

From cake + -er.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

caky

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *kakǭ Old Norse kakabor. Middle English cake English cake Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English caky Fro

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions

cal

Clippings.

2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

calas

Possibly borrowed from Nupe kara (“fried cake”).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

calay

Borrowed from Hindi कलई (kalaī).

1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief record

calf

From Middle English calf, from Anglian Old English cælf, calf (West Saxon ċealf), from Proto-West Germanic *kalb, from Proto-Germanic *kalbaz, further etymology unknown. Cognates * Scots caff (“calf”) * Scots calf (“calf

2 source sections · 28 relationship mentions

calfy

From calf + -y.

1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief record

calid

From Latin calidus (“hot”), from caleō (“to be warm or hot; glow”) + -idus, from Proto-Italic *kalēō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₁-. Cognate with Italian calido (“hot”), French chaud (“warm, hot”), Portuguese cálido (

1 source section · 7 relationship mentions

calin

From French calin, calain, from Portuguese calaim, from Arabic قَلَعِيّ (qalaʕiyy).

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

calk

From French calque, ultimately derived from Latin calcō (“to trample”). Doublet of calque.

1 source section · 3 relationship mentions

call

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gels-der. Proto-Indo-European *golsos Proto-Germanic *kalzazder. Proto-Germanic *kalzōną Proto-West Germanic *kalʀōn Old English cealliander. Old English *callian Middle English callen

2 source sections · 34 relationship mentions

calm

From Middle English calm, calme, from Middle French calme, probably from Old Italian calma, of uncertain origin. Calma may derive from Late Latin cauma (“heat of the midday sun”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat,

1 source section · 6 relationship mentions

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These source reports extend Wiktionary’s work through Kaikki / Wiktextract, with attribution and visible extraction limits. A relationship mentioned in a source is not automatically the immediate parent of a word. Newly written research analyses cite their own references. The reviewed graph has a separate evidence contract and counter.

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