Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗verb
To stick out from a surface without breaking it. · (of a container, etc.) To have the surface stretched by something pushing out; to swell; to belly. · To bilge, as a ship; to founder.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAn object which is sticking out from a surface; a swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward, especially when caused by pressure. · The bilge or protuberant part of a cask. · A rounded fleshy mass, such as on a camel or zebu. · The bilge of a vessel.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- Proto-Indo-European *bʰólǵʰ-o-s Proto-Celtic *bolgos Gaulish bolgābor. Latin bulgalbor. Old Northern French boulgebor. Middle English bulge English bulge From Middle English bulge (“leather bag; hump”), from Old Northern French boulge (“leather bag”), from Late Latin bulga (“leather sack”), from Gaulish *bulga, *bulgos, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“sack, bag, stomach”). Cognate with bilge, belly, bellows, budget, French bouge, German Balg, etc. Doublet of budge, and from the same root as belly and bellows. See also budget.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:bulge<ety:bor<fro-nor:bouge<alt:boulge>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰólǵʰ-o-s\nProto-Celtic *bolgos\nGaulish bolgābor.\nLatin bulgalbor.\nOld Northern French boulgebor.\nMiddle English bulge\nEnglish bulge\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"boulge\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*bʰólǵʰ-o-s\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰelǵʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*bolgos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Gaulish\", \"term\" : \"bolgā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"cel-gau\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"bulga\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Northern French\", \"term\" : \"bouge\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro-nor\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bulge\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bulge\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"bulge\">"
},
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bulge",
"t": "leather bag; hump"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bulge (“leather bag; hump”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "boulge",
"t": "leather bag"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French boulge (“leather bag”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "bulga",
"t": "leather sack"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bulga (“leather sack”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*bulga",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *bulga"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*bolgos",
"t": "sack, bag, stomach"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“sack, bag, stomach”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bouge"
},
"expansion": "French bouge"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Balg"
},
"expansion": "German Balg"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "budge"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of budge"
},
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"name": "ety",
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:bulge<ety:bor<fro-nor:bouge<alt:boulge>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰólǵʰ-o-s\nProto-Celtic *bolgos\nGaulish bolgābor.\nLatin bulgalbor.\nOld Northern French boulgebor.\nMiddle English bulge\nEnglish bulge"
}
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰelǵʰ-"
],
[
"*bolgos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/bolgos"
],
[
"bolgā",
"bolga#Gaulish"
],
[
"bulga",
"bulga#Latin"
],
[
"boulge",
"bouge#Old_French"
],
[
"bulge",
"bulge#Middle_English"
],
[
"bulge",
"bulge#Middle_English"
],
[
"boulge",
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],
[
"bulga",
"bulga#Latin"
],
[
"*bulga",
"Reconstruction:Gaulish/bulga"
],
[
"*bulgos",
"Reconstruction:Gaulish/bulgos"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/bolgos"
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"belly#English"
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"bellows",
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],
[
"budget",
"budget#English"
],
[
"bouge",
"bouge#French"
],
[
"Balg",
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],
[
"budge",
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],
[
"belly",
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],
[
"bellows",
"bellows#English"
],
[
"budget",
"budget#English"
]
],
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"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To stick out from a surface without breaking it.",
"(of a container, etc.) To have the surface stretched by something pushing out; to swell; to belly.",
"To bilge, as a ship; to founder."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
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{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"An object which is sticking out from a surface; a swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward, especially when caused by pressure.",
"The bilge or protuberant part of a cask.",
"A rounded fleshy mass, such as on a camel or zebu.",
"The bilge of a vessel."
],
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