qirat
From Arabic قِيرَاط (qīrāṭ). Doublet of carat.
1 source section · 2 relationship mentionsThe English source dictionary · partial corpus coverage
English word origins · page 151
35,981 permanent word records. Read the source etymologies, inspect mentioned relationships and see where the evidence stops. These are not 35,981 independently reviewed deep dives.
45,491 source sections15,024 substantive evidence reports eligible for discovery20,957 brief records awaiting more evidence
Browse the dictionary
Page 151 of 180qisas
From Arabic قِصَاص (qiṣāṣ).
1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief recordqite
Borrowed from Demotic Egyptian qt, from Egyptian qdt, with the vowels supplied by the word’s descendant, Coptic ⲕⲓⲧⲉ (kite).
1 source section · 3 relationship mentionsqiyam
Arabic قِيَام (qiyām)
1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief recordqiyan
From Arabic قيان plural of قينة.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordqiyas
Unadapted borrowing from Arabic قِيَاس (qiyās, “measurement, analogy”).
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordqobar
From Ge'ez ቆባረ (ḳobarä, “darkness, blackness; fog, mist, dust”), from ቆበረ (ḳobärä, “become black, dark, or foggy”), which Antoine d'Abbadie said derives from the root ق ب ر (q b r, “bury”, root), because it "buries" the
1 source section · 0 relationship mentionsqoph
From Hebrew קוֹף (qōf).
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordqrazy
Sensational spelling.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordqt
By abbreviation.
2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordqu
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 區 /区.
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordqu-
Back-formation from qubit.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordqua
From Latin quā (“in the capacity of”).
2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief recordquack
From Middle English *quacken, queken (“to croak like a frog; make a noise like a duck, goose, or quail”), from quack, qwacke, quek, queke (“quack”, interjection and noun), also kek, keke, whec-, partly of imitative origi
2 source sections · 12 relationship mentionsquad
Shortened, via clipping or abbreviation, from various English terms. Ultimately related to Latin quattuor (“4”); compare quadri-, quadruple. The typography senses are from the abbreviation quad. for obsolete quadrat; the
1 source section · 1 relationship mentionquad-
Reduced form of quadri-, from Latin quattuor (“four”).
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordquaff
Uncertain. Suggestions include connection with Old Irish cuäch (“cup, goblet, bowl; cauldron, large vessel; bowl, cup”) (whence Scots quaich, queff). The noun is derived from the verb.
1 source section · 2 relationship mentionsquag
Uncertain. Most often suggested to be an alteration of Middle English quabbe (“a marsh, bog”), from Old English *cwabbe (“that which shakes or trembles, something soft and flabby”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwabbā (“sog
1 source section · 3 relationship mentionsquail
From Middle English quaylen, from Middle Dutch queilen, quēlen, from Old Dutch *quelan, from Proto-West Germanic *kwelan, from Proto-Germanic *kwelaną (“to suffer”). Doublet of queal.
2 source sections · 7 relationship mentionsquake
From Middle English quaken, from Old English cwacian (“to quake, tremble, chatter”), from Proto-Germanic *kwakōną (“to shake, quiver, tremble”), itself likely of imitative origin. Related to Old English cweċċan (“to shak
1 source section · 9 relationship mentionsquaky
Etymology tree English quake Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English quaky From quake + -y.
2 source sections · 0 relationship mentionsqual
Clipping of qualified
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquale
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷ- Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- Proto-Indo-European *-is Proto-Indo-European *h₂élis Proto-Indo-European *kʷh₂élis? Proto-Italic *kʷālis Latin quālis Latin quālebor. English quale A dir
1 source section · 1 relationship mentionquali
From qualify.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordqualm
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- Proto-Indo-European *gʷolH-mos Proto-Germanic *kwalmaz Proto-West Germanic *kwalm Old English cwealm Middle English qualm English qualm Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm
1 source section · 7 relationship mentionsquant
Shortening.
2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquapa
Blend of quarter + hapa.
1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief recordquare
Variant of queer.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquark
Etymology 1 sense 1 (“subatomic particle”) was coined by the American physicist Murray Gell-Mann (1929–2019) in 1963, apparently an arbitrary word. Subsequently, in a letter dated 27 June 1978 to the editor of the Oxford
3 source sections · 4 relationship mentionsquarl
From German Qualle.
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordquart
From Middle English quart, quarte, from Old French quarte, carte, from Latin quartus (“one-fourth”). Cognate with Spanish cuarto (“quarter; room, quarters”).
3 source sections · 14 relationship mentionsquash
From Middle English quaschen, quasshen, cwessen, quassen, from Old French quasser, from Latin quassāre, under the influence of cassō (“to annul”), from Latin quatiō (“to shake”) Cognate with Dutch kwetsen (“to hurt, inju
1 source section · 7 relationship mentionsquasi
Learned borrowing from Latin quasi (“as if”).
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordquaso
First attested in 2022.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquat
Clipping of quaternary.
2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquave
From Middle English quaven, cwavien (“to tremble”). More at quaver.
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordquay
The current spelling replaced the spelling key in the 1690s to emulate the spelling but (at least originally) not the pronunciation of the equivalent modern French quai. From Middle English kay, key, kaye, keye, from Old
2 source sections · 18 relationship mentionsqubba
From Arabic قُبَّة (qubba). Doublet of alcove.
1 source section · 2 relationship mentionsqubit
Blend of quantum + bit, a play on cubit (“historical unit of length”). Coined by American physicist Benjamin Schumacher in 1995.
1 source section · 2 relationship mentionsqudit
Blend of quantum + dit. Compare qubit, qutrit.
1 source section · 2 relationship mentionsqueal
From Middle English quelen, from Old English cwelan (“to die”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwelan, from Proto-Germanic *kwelaną (“to suffer”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to sting, pierce”). Related to Middle Dutch
1 source section · 7 relationship mentionsquean
From Middle English quene (“young, robust woman”), from Old English cwene (“woman, female serf”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwenā, from Proto-Germanic *kwenǭ (“woman”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn (“woman”). Doublet o
1 source section · 13 relationship mentionsqueap
Devised by John Iacono and Stefan Langerman.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordqueef
A variant of Scottish and northern English quiff (“a puff of wind”), of onomatopoeic origin.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordqueek
Imitative.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordqueen
From Middle English quene, queen, cwen, from Old English cwēn (“queen”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwāni, from Proto-Germanic *kwēniz (“wife, woman”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷénh₂s (“woman”). Cognate with Scots queen
2 source sections · 32 relationship mentionsqueep
Imitative.
2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordqueer
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Germanic *térkʷos Proto-Germanic *térkwos Proto-Germanic *twérkos Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz Proto-West Germanic *þwerh Old Saxon thwerh Middle Low G
2 source sections · 12 relationship mentionsquell
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-der. Proto-Germanic *kwelaną Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Germanic *-janą Proto-Germanic *kwaljaną Proto-West Germanic *kwalljan Old English cwell
2 source sections · 14 relationship mentionsqueme
From Middle English quemen (“to please”), from Old English cwēman (“to gratify, satisfy, please”) (compare cwēme (“pleasant, agreeable, acceptable”) and cwēmnes (“pleasure, satisfaction, mitigation”)), from Proto-West Ge
1 source section · 9 relationship mentionsquena
Borrowed from Spanish quena.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquerk
From Middle English querken (also as querkenen), from Old Norse kvirkja (“to strangle”), from Proto-Germanic *kwirkijaną, from Proto-Germanic *kwerkō (“gullet, throat”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷergʷ-, *gʷerkʷ-, *gʷer
1 source section · 13 relationship mentionsquerl
From a dialectal variant of twirl, possibly representing a blend of twirl + curl. Cognate with German querlen (“to twirl”).
1 source section · 3 relationship mentionsquern
From Middle English quern, cwerne, from Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”), from Proto-Germanic *kwernō (“millstone”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with
1 source section · 9 relationship mentionsquery
An anglicisation of quere, an obsolete variant form of Latin quaere, second-person singular present active imperative of quaerō (“seek, look for; ask”); perhaps suffixed with -y (“abstract noun”). Cognate with French qué
1 source section · 6 relationship mentionsqueso
Borrowed from Spanish queso, as found in Tex-Mex cuisine. Doublet of cheese.
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordquest
From Middle English quest, queste; partly from Anglo-Norman queste, Old French queste (“acquisition, search, hunt”), and partly from their source, Latin quaesta (“tribute, tax, inquiry, search”), noun use of quaesita, th
3 source sections · 10 relationship mentionsqueue
From Middle English queue, quew, qwew, couwe, from Anglo-Norman queue, keu and Old French cöe, cue, coe (“tail”), from Vulgar Latin cōda, from Latin cauda. See also Middle French queu, cueue. Doublet of coda and cola.
1 source section · 6 relationship mentionsquey
Inherited from Middle English quye, from Old Norse kvíga; the modern form is influenced by Scots quey.
1 source section · 3 relationship mentionsquhom
Compare quhat and quhere, variants of what and where respectively.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquia
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷ- Proto-Indo-European *kʷos Proto-Italic *kʷoi Latin quei Latin quī Latin iam univ. Latin quiabor. English quia Borrowed from Latin quia (“because”).
1 source section · 0 relationship mentionsquib
See quibble.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquick
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós Proto-Germanic *kwikwaz Proto-West Germanic *kwiku Old English cwic Middle English quyk English quick From Middle Englis
1 source section · 26 relationship mentionsquid
Borrowed from Latin quid (“what, something”), neuter singular of quis (“who”).
3 source sections · 4 relationship mentionsquiet
From Middle English quiete, from Old French quiet (adjective) and quiete (noun), from Latin quiētus, past participle of quiēscere (“to keep quiet, rest”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“rest”). Doublet of
1 source section · 8 relationship mentionsquiff
Variant form of whiff.
4 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquill
From late Middle English quyl, which is first attested in the early 15th century with the meanings "fragment of reed" and "shaft of a feather", probably from Low German and Middle Low German quiele, possibly ultimately f
1 source section · 4 relationship mentionsquilt
Inherited from Middle English quilte, quylte, from Anglo-Norman quilte and Old French coilte, cuilte (compare French couette), from Latin culcita. Doublet of quoit.
1 source section · 5 relationship mentionsquim
Uncertain; perhaps an alteration of queme. The English Dialect Dictionary has a citation of "quim and cosh" from 1723 which it glosses as "intimate and familiar". Compare also quaint, cunt. Derivation from Welsh cwm (“ho
2 source sections · 2 relationship mentionsquin-
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe Proto-Italic *kʷenkʷe Latin quīnqueder. English quin- From one combining form of Latin quīnque (“five”) (see, for example, quindecim), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷ
1 source section · 2 relationship mentionsquine
From Quine, named after the American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000). Verb etymology 1, verb sense 1 (“to append (a text) to a quotation of itself”) was coined by the American cognitive and c
2 source sections · 2 relationship mentionsquing
Blend of queen + king.
1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief recordquink
Blend of quin- + quark, suggesting a fifth-level building-block of matter, as if quark were derived from Latin quartus (“fourth”).
1 source section · 3 relationship mentionsquint
* From Middle French quint, from Latin quīntus. Doublet of quintus. * (firefighting vehicle): In reference to its five functions: pump, water tank, fire hose, aerial device, and ground ladders.
1 source section · 3 relationship mentionsquip
From a shortening of earlier quippy, perhaps from Latin quippe (“indeed”), ultimately quid (“what”).
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordquipu
Borrowed from Spanish quipu, from Quechua khipu (“knot”).
1 source section · 2 relationship mentionsquire
From Middle English quayer, from Anglo-Norman quaier and Old French quaer, from Latin quaternus (“fourfold”), from quater (“four times”). Doublet of cahier.
2 source sections · 11 relationship mentionsquirk
First attested in the 1540s. Of uncertain origin. Possibly from Middle English *querk, from Old Norse kverk (“a bend or angle, especially below a cross-beam or below the chin, the bight of an axe", also "throat, gullet”)
1 source section · 8 relationship mentionsquirl
Attested since the 18th century. Considered by other dictionaries to be related to curl. Compare German Quirl, said to be related to twirl.
1 source section · 1 relationship mentionquirt
From Spanish cuerda (“cord”), or Mexican Spanish cuarta (“whip”).
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordquism
Contraction of quasi-isomorphism.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquist
From Middle English quiste, quyste, quyshte, variants of Middle English couschot, cowschote, cowscott, from Old English cūsċeote (“wood pigeon, ringdove”). Doublet of cushat.
1 source section · 4 relationship mentionsquit
From Middle English quiten, quyten, from Anglo-Norman quitter, Old French quitter, from quitte (“acquitted, quit”), ultimately from Latin quietus, which itself derives from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyéh₁-ti-s, from *kʷyeh₁-
2 source sections · 13 relationship mentionsquite
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *kʷyéh₁tis Proto-Italic *kʷjētis Latin quiēs Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti Proto-Italic *-skō Latin -scō Latin quiēscō Proto-Indo-Eu
3 source sections · 11 relationship mentionsquits
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquiz
Attested since the 1780s, of unknown origin. * The Century Dictionary suggests it was originally applied to a popular toy, from a dialectal variant of whiz. * The Random House Dictionary suggests the original sense was "
2 source sections · 0 relationship mentionsqumix
From qu- + mix.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquo
See quoth.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquoad
Borrowed from Latin quoad.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquob
From Middle English quabbe, from Old English *cwabbe, from Proto-West Germanic *kwabbā (“soggy ground”). Compare Middle Low German quobbe (“swampy ground”), Middle High German quabbe (“marshy ground, unstable moorland”),
1 source section · 7 relationship mentionsquod
Abbreviation of quadrangle; originally (17th century) referring to the quadrangles of Newgate Prison, London.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquoin
Variant of coin; compare coign.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquoit
From Middle English coyte (“flat stone”), from Old French coite, from Latin culcita. Doublet of quilt.
1 source section · 4 relationship mentionsquoll
From the earlier form je-quoll, from Guugu Yimidhirr dhigul. Recorded by Banks but then virtually forgotten for 150 years, with the term native cat used instead. Today readopted and gaining in popularity.
1 source section · 1 relationship mentionquonk
Imitative.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquop
Inherited from Middle English quappen, of onomatopoeic origin.
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordquork
Onomatopoeic
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquota
From Latin quota pars; see Latin quota.
1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief recordquote
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷ- Proto-Indo-European *kʷó- Proto-Indo-European *-ti Proto-Indo-European *kʷótider. Proto-Italic *kʷot Latin quot Latin quotus Medieval Latin quotāreder. Old French coterbor. Middle
1 source section · 3 relationship mentionsquoth
From Middle English quoth, quath, from Old English cwæþ (first and third person past indicative of cweþan (“to say, speak to, address, exhort, admonish”)), from Proto-Germanic *kwaþ (first and third person past indicativ
1 source section · 5 relationship mentionsquoy
From the Norn reflex of Old Norse kví (“enclosure”).
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordqursh
From Arabic قِرْش (qirš). Doublet of kurus, grosz, groschen, and grush.
1 source section · 5 relationship mentionsqutb
From Arabic قطب.
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordquus
To rhyme with plus.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquux
Attributed to Guy L. Steele Jr.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordquya
Borrowed from Quechua.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordqway
From way or way back when with the addition of the initial consonant q.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordr
Old English lower case letter r, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case r of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚱ.
2 source sections · 0 relationship mentionsr.
Originally from Latin r., abbreviating Latin rexit or Latin rēgnāvit (“[he/she/it] ruled or reigned”). Now often parsed as an abbreviation of English ruled or reigned.
2 source sections · 3 relationship mentionsr0x0r
From rock + -0r.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordrASRM
Initialism of revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordrBGH
Abbreviation of recombinant bovine growth hormone.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordrDNA
Initialism of ribosomal / recombinant DNA.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordra'y
Borrowed from Arabic رَأْي (raʔy).
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordraad
From Dutch raad (“counsel”), cognate with Middle English ræd (“counsel”).
2 source sections · 2 relationship mentionsraami
From harami
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordraash
See raad.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordrabab
Borrowed from Arabic رَبَاب (rabāb), plural of رَبَابَة (rabāba).
1 source section · 2 relationship mentionsrabak
From Malay rabak (“ragged; in tatters”).
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordrabat
Borrowed from French rabat.
2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief recordrabbi
From Middle English raby, from Ecclesiastical Latin rabbi, and its source Koine Greek ῥαββί (rhabbí), from (post-Tanakh) Hebrew רַבִּי (rabbi, “my master”), from רַב (rav, “master”) + ־ִי (-í, “my”). Compare late Old Eng
1 source section · 4 relationship mentionsrabe
Back-formation from broccoli rabe.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordrabi
Borrowed from Hindustani ربیع (rabī) / रबी (rabī), from Persian ربیع (rabi'), from Arabic رَبِيع (rabīʕ, “spring”). Doublet of Rabi.
1 source section · 4 relationship mentionsrabic
From rab(ies) + -ic.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordrabid
Etymology tree Latin rabiō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Italic *-iðos Latin -idus Latin rabidusbor. English rabid From the Latin rabidus, from rabiō (“to rave”).
1 source section · 1 relationship mentionrabis
From Armenian ռաբիս (ṙabis).
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordrabiz
Borrowed from Armenian ռաբիզ (ṙabiz). See it for more.
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordrabot
Borrowed from French rabot.
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordrabz
Clipping of rabak (“messed up”) + -z (suffix forming colloquialisms), from Malay rabak (“ragged; in tatters”).
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordrace
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s-der. Proto-Germanic *rēsōder. Proto-West Germanic *rās Old English rǣs ▲ Proto-Germanic *rēsō Old Norse rásbor. Middle English race English race From Middle English race, parti
6 source sections · 51 relationship mentionsracer
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s-der. Proto-Germanic *rēsōder. Proto-West Germanic *rās Old English rǣs ▲ Proto-Germanic *rēsō Old Norse rásbor. Middle English race English race Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto
1 source section · 0 relationship mentionsrach
From Middle English rache, racche, rachche, from Old English ræċċ.
1 source section · 2 relationship mentionsrach-
From Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis) (rháchis, “spine, backbone”).
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordrack
From Middle English rakke, rekke, from Middle Dutch rac, recke, rec (Dutch rek), see rekken.
7 source sections · 9 relationship mentionsracon
Blend of radar + beacon.
1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief recordracy
From race (“having a characteristic taste (of wines, fruits, etc.)”) + -y.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordrada
Borrowed from Polish rada, from Middle High German rât. Compare German Rat, Icelandic ráð and Dutch raad. Doublet of rede.
1 source section · 6 relationship mentionsradar
Etymology tree Latin radiusder. English radio- Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁-der. Ancient Greek τῆλε (têle)lbor. French télé- French -graphe French télégraphebor. English telegraph Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós Proto-Italic
2 source sections · 0 relationship mentionsraden
Borrowed from Japanese 螺鈿.
2 source sections · 1 relationship mention · brief recordradge
Dialectal variant of rage.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordradi-
Derived from Latin radius, radiī.
2 source sections · 2 relationship mentions · brief recordradif
From Classical Persian رَدِیف (radīf), from Arabic رَدِيف (radīf).
1 source section · 2 relationship mentionsradio
Short for radiotelegraphy.
2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordradix
PIE word *wréh₂ds Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds Proto-Italic *wrādīks Latin rādīxlbor. English radix Learned borrowing from Latin rādīx (“a root”). Doublet of radish.
1 source section · 1 relationship mentionradon
Etymology tree Latin radiusder. French radio- Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti Proto-Italic *agō Latin agō Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin
1 source section · 0 relationship mentionsraeb
Onomatopoeic.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordraff
From Middle English raf, from Old French raffer, of Germanic origin; compare German raffen, akin to rap (“to snatch”). Compare riffraff, rip (“to tear”).
1 source section · 3 relationship mentionsrafsi
Borrowed from Lojban rafsi.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordraft
Late Middle English, of North Germanic origin, from West Old Norse raptr, from Proto-Germanic *raf-tra-, from Proto-Indo-European *rap-tro-, from *rep- (“stake, beam”). See also Norwegian raft (“beam, rafter”), Danish ra
2 source sections · 6 relationship mentionsrafty
Perhaps akin to German Reif (“hoarfrost”).
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordrag
From Middle English ragge, from Old English ragg (suggested by derivative raggiġ (“shaggy; bristly; ragged”)), from Old Norse rǫgg (“tuft; shagginess”), from Proto-Germanic *rawwa-, probably related to *rūhaz. Cognate wi
5 source sections · 10 relationship mentionsraga
Borrowed from Sanskrit राग (rāga, “dye, colour”).
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordragat
Italian ricotta via Neapolitan
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordrage
Etymology tree Latin rabiō Proto-Indo-European *-yḗh₂s Proto-Italic *-jēs Latin -iēs Classical Latin rabiēs Late Latin rabia Anglo-Norman ragebor. Middle English rage English rage From Middle English rage, from Anglo-Nor
2 source sections · 13 relationship mentionsrager
From Middle English rager, raiger, ragere, equivalent to rage + -er.
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordragey
From rage + -y.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordragga
Clipping of raggamuffin, variant of ragamuffin (“troublemaker”), influenced by reggae.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordraggy
From Middle English raggy, from Old English raggiġ; equivalent to rag + -y.
2 source sections · 5 relationship mentionsragi
Borrowed from Hindi रागी (rāgī).
2 source sections · 3 relationship mentionsrago
Possibly derived from rage.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordragù
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwstus Proto-Italic *gustus Latin gustus Middle French goûtder. Middle French ragoûterder. French ragoûtbor. Italian ragùubor. Eng
1 source section · 4 relationship mentionsrah
Clipping of hurrah.
2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordrahui
Borrowed from Māori rāhui or Tahitian rāhui.
1 source section · 2 relationship mentions · brief recordrai
Borrowed from Yapese raay.
2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordraid
From Scots raid, from Northern Middle English rade, from Old English rād (“a riding, an expedition on horseback, road”), whence also the inherited English road (“way, street”). The earlier senses of “a riding, expedition
2 source sections · 6 relationship mentionsraik
From Middle English rake (“path”), from Old Norse rák (“trail”), from Proto-Germanic *rēkō, *raką, *rakō, *rakǭ (“file of tracks, line”), from Proto-Indo-European *(o)reg'-, *(o)reg'a- (“to straighten, direct”). Cognate
2 source sections · 9 relationship mentionsrail
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *h₃réǵeti Proto-Italic *regō Latin regō Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *-om Proto-Indo-European *-trom Proto-Indo-Eu
6 source sections · 27 relationship mentionsrails
Source etymology material for rails; no narrative etymology was supplied in this snapshot.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordrain
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *Hréǵʰ-der. Proto-Indo-European *Hréǵʰnos? Proto-Germanic *regną Proto-West Germanic *regn Old English reġn Middle English reyn English rain Inherited from Middle English reyn, rein, fr
2 source sections · 36 relationship mentionsrainy
From Middle English reyny, from Old English reġniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *regnag, from Proto-Germanic *regnagaz (“rainy”), equivalent to rain + -y. Cognate with Saterland Frisian rienig (“rainy”), West Frisian reinic
1 source section · 9 relationship mentionsraion
Borrowed from Russian райо́н (rajón), from French rayon. More recently influenced by the same name used in other post-Soviet states. Compare Ukrainian райо́н (rajón).
1 source section · 3 relationship mentionsraise
From Middle English reysen, raisen, reisen, from Old Norse reisa (“to raise”), from Proto-Germanic *raisijaną, *raizijaną (“to raise”), causative form of Proto-Germanic *rīsaną (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁re
2 source sections · 11 relationship mentionsraita
Borrowed from Hindi रायता (rāytā).
2 source sections · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordraite
Named after the international group of scientists of the 1969-1970 voyage of the papyrus ship, Ra Ra + -ite
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordraj
Borrowed from Hindi राज (rāj), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-. Doublet of rex, rich, and others.
1 source section · 3 relationship mentionsrajah
Borrowed from Hindi राजा (rājā) and Urdu راجا (rājā), from Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō, from *h₃rḗǵ
1 source section · 10 relationship mentionsrajas
From Sanskrit रजस् (rajas). Doublet of Erebus.
1 source section · 2 relationship mentionsrajma
From Hindi राजमा (rājmā), from Punjabi ਰਾਜਮਾਂਹ (rājmā̃h, “kidney bean”).
1 source section · 2 relationship mentionsrak'a
Borrowed from Arabic رَكْعَة (rakʕa).
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordrakan
From Japanese 羅漢 (rakan).
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordrake
From Middle English rake [and other forms], from Old English raca, racu, ræce (“tool with a row of pointed teeth, rake”), from Proto-Germanic *rakō, *rekô (“tool with a row of pointed teeth, rake”), from Proto-Indo-Europ
6 source sections · 62 relationship mentionsraker
Etymology tree English rake Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-os? Proto-Indo-European *-o- Proto-Indo-European *-so- Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so- Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós P
1 source section · 0 relationship mentionsrakhi
Borrowed from Hindi राखी (rākhī, “a rakhi”), from Sanskrit रक्षिका (rakṣikā, “a rakhi”), from रक्षा (rakṣā, “care, guarding, preservation, protection; a rakhi”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek- (“to protect”).
1 source section · 4 relationship mentionsraki
From Ottoman Turkish راقی (rakı), from Arabic عَرَقِيّ (ʕaraqiyy, “of liquor”), from عَرَق (ʕaraq, “arrack, arak”), literally, “sweat”, “condensate,” which refers to an ouzo-like liqueur made of raisins. Doublet of rakij
1 source section · 4 relationship mentionsraksi
Borrowed from Nepali रक्सी (raksī).
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordraky
From rake + -y.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordrale
From French râle (“groan”).
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordrally
From Middle French rallier (French rallier), from Old French ralier, from Latin prefix re- + ad + ligare (“to bind; to ally”).
3 source sections · 7 relationship mentionsralph
US 1960s, of uncertain origin, apparently derived from a use of the male name Ralph, but perhaps imitative.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordram
From Middle English ram, rom, ramme, from Old English ramm (“ram”), from Proto-Germanic *rammaz (“ram”), possibly from *rammaz (“strong”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Rom (“ram”), Dutch ram (“a male sheep”), German Ra
3 source sections · 16 relationship mentionsramal
From ramus + -al.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordrambo
Presumably from Rambo (“John Rambo”).
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordrame
From Northern Middle English ramen (“to cry out, scream”), from Old English *hrāmian, from Proto-West Germanic *hraimōn, from Proto-Germanic *hraimōną (“to scream”), *hraimaz (“a scream”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ke
2 source sections · 11 relationship mentionsramed
From French rame (“a branch”) + -ed.
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordramen
Borrowed from Japanese ラーメン (rāmen), from Mandarin 拉麵 /拉面 (lāmiàn, “pulled noodles”). Doublet of laghman, lamian, and ramyeon.
1 source section · 4 relationship mentionsramet
Coined by A. B. Stout in 1929 from Latin rāmus (“branch”) + -et.
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordramex
Borrowed from Latin ramex.
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordramie
From Malay rami.
1 source section · 1 relationship mention · brief recordrammy
From ram + -y.
1 source section · 0 relationship mentions · brief recordramp
From French rampe, from Middle French rampe, deverbal of ramper, from Old French ramper (“to crawl, climb, scale up”), from Frankish *hrampōn (“to contract oneself, wrinkle, rumple, crumple, curve”), from Proto-Germanic
2 source sections · 9 relationship mentionsJump to any dictionary page
Read the layers separately
These source reports extend Wiktionary’s work through Kaikki / Wiktextract, with attribution and visible extraction limits. A relationship mentioned in a source is not automatically the immediate parent of a word. Newly written research analyses cite their own references. The reviewed graph has a separate evidence contract and counter.
The full multilingual corpus remains local; this directory covers only the bounded English slice. See exactly what has been acquired and published →