Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo take part in a race (in the sense of a contest). · To compete against in a race (contest). · To move or drive at high speed; to hurry or speed. · To run rapidly when not engaged to a transmission.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s-der. Proto-Germanic *rēsōder. Proto-West Germanic *rās Old English rǣs ▲ Proto-Germanic *rēsō Old Norse rásbor. Middle English race English race From Middle English race, partially from Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), from Proto-West Germanic *rās; and partially from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”); both from Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”). Cognate with Middle Low German râs ("a strong current"; whence German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”)), Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”), Danish ræs, Norwegian and Swedish ras, Norwegian rås.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionraceenm
- Inherited-form mentionrǣsang · a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset
- Inherited-form mention*rāsgmw-pro
- Derivation mentionrásnon · a running, race
- Inherited-form mention*rēsōgem-pro · a course
- Derivation mention*h₁reh₁s-ine-pro · to flow, rush
- Cognate mentionrâsgml
- Cognate mentionrasnl · a strong whirling current
- Cognate mentionræsda
- Cognate mentionrassv
- Cognate mentionråsno
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "senseno",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "contest"
},
"expansion": "etymology 1, noun sense 1"
},
{
"name": "senseno",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "channel"
},
"expansion": "etymology 1, noun sense 6"
},
{
"name": "senseno",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bearing"
},
"expansion": "etymology 1, noun sense 8.2"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:race<ety:inh<ang:rǣs<id:race>>:bor<non:rás>>",
"id": "rush",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s-der.\nProto-Germanic *rēsōder.\nProto-West Germanic *rās\nOld English rǣs\n▲\nProto-Germanic *rēsō\nOld Norse rásbor.\nMiddle English race\nEnglish race\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁reh₁s-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*rēsō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*rās\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"rǣs\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : [ \"gem-pro\", \":der\", \"ine-pro:*h₁reh₁s-\" ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*rēsō\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"rás\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"race\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"race\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"rush\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"race\" id=\"English:_rush\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "race"
},
"expansion": "Middle English race"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rǣs",
"t": "a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset"
},
"expansion": "Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rās"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rás",
"t": "a running, race"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rás (“a running, race”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rēsō",
"t": "a course"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reh₁s-",
"t": "to flow, rush"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "râs"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German râs"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Raas",
"t": "mad rush, rage, fury"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”)"
},
{
"name": "gl",
"args": {
"1": "\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nds\">Raas</i> (“mad rush, rage, fury”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"a strong current\"; whence German Low German Raas (“mad rush, rage, fury”))"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ras",
"t": "a strong whirling current"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ræs"
},
"expansion": "Danish ræs"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ras"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ras"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rås"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rås"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:race<ety:inh<ang:rǣs<id:race>>:bor<non:rás>>",
"id": "rush",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s-der.\nProto-Germanic *rēsōder.\nProto-West Germanic *rās\nOld English rǣs\n▲\nProto-Germanic *rēsō\nOld Norse rásbor.\nMiddle English race\nEnglish race"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₁reh₁s-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁reh₁s-"
],
[
"*rēsō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rēsō"
],
[
"*rās",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rās"
],
[
"rǣs",
"ræs#Old_English:_race"
],
[
"*rēsō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rēsō"
],
[
"rás",
"rás#Old_Norse"
],
[
"race",
"race#Middle_English"
],
[
"race",
"race#Middle_English"
],
[
"rǣs",
"ræs#Old_English"
],
[
"*rās",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rās"
],
[
"rás",
"rás#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*rēsō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rēsō"
],
[
"*h₁reh₁s-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁reh₁s-"
],
[
"râs",
"ras#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"German Low German",
"w:Low German"
],
[
"Raas",
"Raas#Low_German"
],
[
"ras",
"ras#Dutch"
],
[
"ræs",
"ræs#Danish"
],
[
"ras",
"ras#Swedish"
],
[
"rås",
"rås#Norwegian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To take part in a race (in the sense of a contest).",
"To compete against in a race (contest).",
"To move or drive at high speed; to hurry or speed.",
"To run rapidly when not engaged to a transmission."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "e804925c8e750fd3b2f6b674cb458ed758f1a2e1577147c26a2f48c1a69cb7d1",
"rawRecordSha256": "e2d65f4424fca681266bbeb56752232293fe87f6a19cae865ea6c14d8b671b4b",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 29298
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}