Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To subdue, put down, or silence (someone or something); to force (someone) to submit. · To suppress, to put an end to (something); to extinguish. · To kill. · To be subdued or abated; to diminish.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA subduing.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-der. Proto-Germanic *kwelaną Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Germanic *-janą Proto-Germanic *kwaljaną Proto-West Germanic *kwalljan Old English cwellan Middle English quellen English quell From Middle English quellen, from Old English cwellan (“to kill”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalljan, from Proto-Germanic *kwaljaną (“to make die; kill”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-. Cognate with German quälen (“to torment; agonise; smite”), Swedish kvälja (“to torment”), Icelandic kvelja (“to torture; torment”). Compare also Old Armenian կեղ (keł, “sore, ulcer”), Old Church Slavonic жаль (žalĭ, “pain”). See also kill, which may be its doublet.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:quellen",
"id": "subdue",
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "quellen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English quellen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cwellan",
"4": "",
"5": "to kill"
},
"expansion": "Old English cwellan (“to kill”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kwalljan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kwalljan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kwaljaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to make die; kill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kwaljaną (“to make die; kill”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷelH-",
"id": "throw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "quälen",
"3": "",
"4": "to torment; agonise; smite"
},
"expansion": "German quälen (“to torment; agonise; smite”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kvälja",
"3": "",
"4": "to torment"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kvälja (“to torment”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kvelja",
"3": "",
"4": "to torture; torment"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kvelja (“to torture; torment”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կեղ",
"3": "",
"4": "sore, ulcer"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian կեղ (keł, “sore, ulcer”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "жаль",
"3": "",
"4": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic жаль (žalĭ, “pain”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:quellen",
"id": "subdue",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷelH-der.\nProto-Germanic *kwelaną\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Germanic *-janą\nProto-Germanic *kwaljaną\nProto-West Germanic *kwalljan\nOld English cwellan\nMiddle English quellen\nEnglish quell"
}
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷelH-#Proto-Indo-European:_throw"
],
[
"*kwelaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwelaną"
],
[
"*-yeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti#Proto-Indo-European:_forming_verbs"
],
[
"*-éyeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éyeti#Proto-Indo-European:_causative_suffix"
],
[
"*-janą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-janą#Proto-Germanic:_causative"
],
[
"*kwaljaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwaljaną"
],
[
"*kwalljan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwalljan"
],
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"cwellan",
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],
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"quellen",
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"quellen",
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"*kwalljan",
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],
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"*kwaljaną",
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],
[
"*gʷelH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷelH-#Proto-Indo-European:_throw"
],
[
"quälen",
"quälen#German"
],
[
"kvälja",
"kvälja#Swedish"
],
[
"kvelja",
"kvelja#Icelandic"
],
[
"կեղ",
"կեղ#Old_Armenian"
],
[
"жаль",
"жаль#Old_Church_Slavonic"
],
[
"kill",
"kill#English"
]
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"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To subdue, put down, or silence (someone or something); to force (someone) to submit.",
"To suppress, to put an end to (something); to extinguish.",
"To kill.",
"To be subdued or abated; to diminish."
],
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"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A subduing."
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