Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗To obtain (something) in exchange for money or goods. · To obtain, especially by some sacrifice. · To suffer consequences for (something) through being deprived of something; to pay for (something one has done). · To bribe.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ-der. Proto-Germanic *bugjaną Proto-West Germanic *buggjan Old English bycġan Middle English byen English buy From Middle English byen, from Old English bycġan (“to buy, pay for, acquire, redeem, ransom, procure, get done, sell”), from Proto-West Germanic *buggjan, from Proto-Germanic *bugjaną (“to buy”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰūgʰ- (“to bend”), or from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to take away, deliver”). Cognate with Scots buy (“to buy, purchase”), obsolete Dutch beugen (“to buy”), Old Saxon buggian, buggean (“to buy”), Old Norse byggja (“to build, settle”), Gothic 𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bugjan, “to buy”). The spelling with “u” is from the Southwest, while the pronunciation with /aɪ/ is from the East Midlands.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionbyenenm
- Inherited-form mentionbycġanang
- Inherited-form mention*buggjangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*bugjanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*bʰūgʰ-ine-pro
- Derivation mention*bʰewgʰ-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionbuysco
- Cognate mentionbeugennl
- Cognate mentionbuggianosx
- Cognate mentionbyggjanon
- Cognate mention𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽got
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:byen",
"tree": "+",
"text": ""
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *bugjaną\nProto-West Germanic *buggjan\nOld English bycġan\nMiddle English byen\nEnglish buy\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰewgʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bugjaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*buggjan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"bycġan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"byen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"buy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"buy\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "byen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English byen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bycġan",
"4": "",
"5": "to buy, pay for, acquire, redeem, ransom, procure, get done, sell"
},
"expansion": "Old English bycġan (“to buy, pay for, acquire, redeem, ransom, procure, get done, sell”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*buggjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *buggjan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bugjaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to buy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bugjaną (“to buy”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰūgʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰūgʰ- (“to bend”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰewgʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to take away, deliver"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to take away, deliver”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "buy",
"3": "",
"4": "to buy, purchase"
},
"expansion": "Scots buy (“to buy, purchase”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "beugen",
"3": "",
"4": "to buy"
},
"expansion": "Dutch beugen (“to buy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "buggian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon buggian"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "byggja",
"3": "",
"4": "to build, settle"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse byggja (“to build, settle”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "to buy"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bugjan, “to buy”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:byen",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ-der.\nProto-Germanic *bugjaną\nProto-West Germanic *buggjan\nOld English bycġan\nMiddle English byen\nEnglish buy"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*bʰewgʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewgʰ-"
],
[
"*bugjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bugjaną"
],
[
"*buggjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/buggjan"
],
[
"bycġan",
"bycgan#Old_English"
],
[
"byen",
"byen#Middle_English"
],
[
"byen",
"byen#Middle_English"
],
[
"bycġan",
"bycgan#Old_English"
],
[
"*buggjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/buggjan"
],
[
"*bugjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bugjaną"
],
[
"*bʰūgʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰūgʰ-"
],
[
"*bʰewgʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewgʰ-"
],
[
"buy",
"buy#Scots"
],
[
"beugen",
"beugen#Dutch"
],
[
"buggian",
"buggian#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"buggean",
"buggean#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"byggja",
"byggja#Old_Norse"
],
[
"𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "bai"
},
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "baim",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To obtain (something) in exchange for money or goods.",
"To obtain, especially by some sacrifice.",
"To suffer consequences for (something) through being deprived of something; to pay for (something one has done).",
"To bribe."
],
"tags": [
"ditransitive",
"transitive",
"archaic"
],
"recordId": "db42ec684827c1b36105bc3efb9f4fd8ec8d6e8a80e77e98d575b30298551e5f",
"rawRecordSha256": "ad484ec2a5b68c1cfb8eb4902db17eba7faba547689b84d3bf477a74a98fa14e",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 13045
}
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