Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗To keep afloat or aloft; used with up. · To support or maintain at a high level. · To mark with a buoy. · To maintain or enhance enthusiasm or confidence; to lift the spirits of.
From Middle English boy, boye, from Middle Dutch boeye (“float, buoy”), from Old French boue (“piece of wood or cork that floats above an anchor to indicate where it is anchored”) (modern French bouée), ultimately from Frankish *baukn (“beacon”), from Proto-Germanic *baukną. Doublet of beacon. Alternatively, and perhaps less likely (due to the unexplained shift in meaning), from Middle Dutch boeye (“shackle, fetter”), from Old French buie (“fetter, chain”), from Latin boia (“a (leather) collar, band, fetter”), from Ancient Greek βόεος (bóeos), βόειος (bóeios, “of ox-hide”), from βοῦς (boûs, “ox”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”). Noun sense 2 was coined by American linguist Scott K. Lindell in 2003.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionboyenm
- Derivation mentionboeyedum · float, buoy
- Derivation mentionbouefro · piece of wood or cork that floats above an anchor to indicate where it is anchored
- Cognate mentionbouéefr
- Inherited-form mention*bauknągem-pro
- Doublet mentionbeaconen
- Derivation mentionboeyedum · shackle, fetter
- Derivation mentionbuiefro · fetter, chain
- Derivation mentionboiala · a (leather) collar, band, fetter
- Derivation mentionβόεοςgrc
- Derivation mention*gʷṓwsine-pro · cow
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English boy"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "boeye",
"t": "float, buoy"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch boeye (“float, buoy”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "boue",
"t": "piece of wood or cork that floats above an anchor to indicate where it is anchored"
},
"expansion": "Old French boue (“piece of wood or cork that floats above an anchor to indicate where it is anchored”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bouée"
},
"expansion": "French bouée"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*baukn",
"t": "beacon"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *baukn (“beacon”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*baukną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baukną"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beacon"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of beacon"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "boeye",
"t": "shackle, fetter"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch boeye (“shackle, fetter”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "buie",
"t": "fetter, chain"
},
"expansion": "Old French buie (“fetter, chain”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "boia",
"t": "a (leather) collar, band, fetter"
},
"expansion": "Latin boia (“a (leather) collar, band, fetter”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βόεος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βόεος (bóeos)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws",
"t": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”)"
},
{
"name": "senseno",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sign language",
"uc": "1"
},
"expansion": "Noun sense 2"
},
{
"name": "coined",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Scott K. Lindell",
"nat": "American",
"occ": "linguist",
"w": "-",
"in": "2003",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "coined by American linguist Scott K. Lindell in 2003"
}
],
"links": [
[
"boy",
"boy#Middle_English"
],
[
"boye",
"boye#Middle_English"
],
[
"boeye",
"boeye#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"boue",
"boue#Old_French"
],
[
"bouée",
"bouée#French"
],
[
"*baukn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/baukn"
],
[
"*baukną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baukną"
],
[
"beacon",
"beacon#English"
],
[
"boeye",
"boeye#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"buie",
"buie#Old_French"
],
[
"boia",
"boia#Latin"
],
[
"βόεος",
"βόεος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"βόειος",
"βόειος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"βοῦς",
"βοῦς#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*gʷṓws",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷṓws"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To keep afloat or aloft; used with up.",
"To support or maintain at a high level.",
"To mark with a buoy.",
"To maintain or enhance enthusiasm or confidence; to lift the spirits of."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "a86ddc7b77a24067f0514ff110236e68dd5cef53af86448e5b3d7a11ffaf1ba4",
"rawRecordSha256": "0310e4c184294d8f52a6c640f2ec9fe67b708639e572396b3ecfd8da65eb1009",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 270321
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}