*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of but

From Middle English but, buten, boute, bouten, from Old English būtan (“without, outside of, except, only”), from Proto-West Germanic *biūtan, *biūtini, equivalent to be- + out. Cognate with Scots but, bot (“outside, wit

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
adv

Merely, only, just, no more than. · Though, however. · Used to repeat an adverb for emphasis; simply; just; absolutely.

verb

Use the word "but".

conj

However, although, nevertheless, on the other hand (introducing a clause contrary to prior belief or in contrast with the preceding clause or sentence). · On the contrary, rather (as a regular adversative conjunction, introducing a word or clause in contrast or contradiction with the preceding negative clause or sentence). · Used at the beginning of a sentence to express opposition to a remark. · Except that (introducing a subordinate clause which qualifies a negative statement); also, (archaic) with omission of the subject of the subordinate clause, acting as a negative relative, "except one that", "except such that".

noun

An instance of using the word "but"; an objection or caveat. · The outer room of a small two-room cottage. · A limit; a boundary. · The end; especially the larger or thicker end, or the blunt, in distinction from the sharp, end; the butt.

prep

Apart from, except (for), excluding. · Outside of.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English but, buten, boute, bouten, from Old English būtan (“without, outside of, except, only”), from Proto-West Germanic *biūtan, *biūtini, equivalent to be- + out. Cognate with Scots but, bot (“outside, without, but”), Saterland Frisian buute (“without”), West Frisian bûten (“outside of, apart from, other than, except, but”), Dutch buiten (“outside”), Dutch Low Saxon buten (“outside”), German Low German buuten, buute (“outside”), obsolete German baußen (“outside”), Luxembourgish baussen. Compare bin, about.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionbutenm
  • Inherited-form mentionbūtanang · without, outside of, except, only
  • Inherited-form mention*biūtangmw-pro
  • Word-formation componentbe-en
  • Word-formation componentouten
  • Cognate mentionbutsco
  • Cognate mentionbuutestq · without
  • Cognate mentionbûtenfy · outside of, apart from, other than, except, but
  • Cognate mentionbuitennl · outside
  • Cognate mentionbaußende · outside
  • Cognate mentionbaussenlb

This page abbreviates 6 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "but"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English but"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "būtan",
        "t": "without, outside of, except, only"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English būtan (“without, outside of, except, only”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*biūtan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *biūtan"
    },
    {
      "name": "af",
      "args": {
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        "2": "be-",
        "3": "out",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "be- + out"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "but"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots but"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "buute",
        "t": "without"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian buute (“without”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "bûten",
        "t": "outside of, apart from, other than, except, but"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian bûten (“outside of, apart from, other than, except, but”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "buiten",
        "t": "outside"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch buiten (“outside”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-nl",
        "2": "buten",
        "t": "outside"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon buten (“outside”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "buuten"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German buuten"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "baußen",
        "t": "outside"
      },
      "expansion": "German baußen (“outside”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "lb",
        "2": "baussen"
      },
      "expansion": "Luxembourgish baussen"
    }
  ],
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      "but#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
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    ],
    [
      "boute",
      "boute#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "bouten",
      "bouten#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "būtan",
      "butan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*biūtan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/biūtan"
    ],
    [
      "*biūtini",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/biūtini"
    ],
    [
      "be-",
      "be-#English"
    ],
    [
      "out",
      "out#English"
    ],
    [
      "but",
      "but#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "bot",
      "bot#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "buute",
      "buute#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "bûten",
      "bûten#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "buiten",
      "buiten#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "buten",
      "buten#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "buuten",
      "buuten#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "buute",
      "buute#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "baußen",
      "baußen#German"
    ],
    [
      "baussen",
      "baussen#Luxembourgish"
    ],
    [
      "bin",
      "bin#English"
    ],
    [
      "about",
      "about#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
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      "pos": "adv",
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        "Merely, only, just, no more than.",
        "Though, however.",
        "Used to repeat an adverb for emphasis; simply; just; absolutely."
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        "On the contrary, rather (as a regular adversative conjunction, introducing a word or clause in contrast or contradiction with the preceding negative clause or sentence).",
        "Used at the beginning of a sentence to express opposition to a remark.",
        "Except that (introducing a subordinate clause which qualifies a negative statement); also, (archaic) with omission of the subject of the subordinate clause, acting as a negative relative, \"except one that\", \"except such that\"."
      ],
      "tags": [
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      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "An instance of using the word \"but\"; an objection or caveat.",
        "The outer room of a small two-room cottage.",
        "A limit; a boundary.",
        "The end; especially the larger or thicker end, or the blunt, in distinction from the sharp, end; the butt."
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        "Apart from, except (for), excluding.",
        "Outside of."
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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    "links": 0,
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    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 6,
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for but →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-YnV0