Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗num
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA numerical value equal to 4; the number following three and preceding five. · Describing a set or group with four elements.
PIE word *kʷetwóres Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr Proto-Germanic *fedwōr Proto-West Germanic *feuwar Old English fēower Middle English four English four From Middle English four, from Old English fēower, from Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from previous pre-Grimm *petwṓr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of *kʷetwóres. Doublet of cuatro and quatre. Cognates include Scots fower, Saterland Frisian fjauer, West Frisian fjouwer, Dutch vier, German Low German veer, German vier, Norwegian Bokmål and Danish fire, Swedish fyra, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 (fidwōr) and, more distantly, Latin quattuor (whence Spanish cuatro, French quatre), Ancient Greek τέσσαρες (téssares), Irish ceathair, Welsh pedwar, Armenian չորս (čʻors), Lithuanian keturi, Albanian katër, Sanskrit चतुर् (catur).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionfourenm
- Inherited-form mentionfēowerang
- Inherited-form mention*feuwargmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*fedwōrgem-pro
- Inherited-form mention*kʷetwṓrine-pro
- Cognate mentionfowersco
- Cognate mentionfjauerstq
- Cognate mentionfjouwerfy
- Cognate mentionviernl
- Cognate mentionvierde
- Cognate mentionfireda
- Cognate mentionfyrasv
- Cognate mention𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂got
- Cognate mentionquattuorla
- Cognate mentioncuatroes
- Cognate mentionquatrefr
- Cognate mentionτέσσαρεςgrc
- Cognate mentionceathairga
- Cognate mentionpedwarcy
- Cognate mentionչորսhy
- Cognate mentionketurilt
- Cognate mentionkatërsq
- Cognate mentionचतुर्sa
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "dercat",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "langname",
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European"
},
{
"name": "word",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine",
"3": "kʷetwóres",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "PIE word",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kʷetwóres"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *kʷetwóres"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:four",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr\nProto-Germanic *fedwōr\nProto-West Germanic *feuwar\nOld English fēower\nMiddle English four\nEnglish four\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fedwōr\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*feuwar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"fēower\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"four\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"four\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"four\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "four"
},
"expansion": "Middle English four"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fēower"
},
"expansion": "Old English fēower"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*feuwar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *feuwar"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fedwōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fedwōr"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷetwṓr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr"
},
{
"name": "dbt",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cuatro",
"3": "quatre"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cuatro and quatre"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "fower"
},
"expansion": "Scots fower"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "fjauer"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian fjauer"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fjouwer"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian fjouwer"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vier"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vier"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "veer"
},
"expansion": "German Low German veer"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "vier"
},
"expansion": "German vier"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Danish fire"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fyra"
},
"expansion": "Swedish fyra"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 (fidwōr)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "quattuor"
},
"expansion": "Latin quattuor"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cuatro"
},
"expansion": "Spanish cuatro"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "quatre"
},
"expansion": "French quatre"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τέσσαρες"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τέσσαρες (téssares)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ceathair"
},
"expansion": "Irish ceathair"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pedwar"
},
"expansion": "Welsh pedwar"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "չորս"
},
"expansion": "Armenian չորս (čʻors)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "keturi"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian keturi"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "katër"
},
"expansion": "Albanian katër"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चतुर्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit चतुर् (catur)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:four",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr\nProto-Germanic *fedwōr\nProto-West Germanic *feuwar\nOld English fēower\nMiddle English four\nEnglish four"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*kʷetwóres",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷetwóres"
],
[
"*kʷetwṓr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷetwóres"
],
[
"*fedwōr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fedwōr"
],
[
"*feuwar",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/feuwar"
],
[
"fēower",
"feower#Old_English"
],
[
"four",
"four#Middle_English"
],
[
"four",
"four#Middle_English"
],
[
"fēower",
"feower#Old_English"
],
[
"*feuwar",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/feuwar"
],
[
"*fedwōr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fedwōr"
],
[
"*petwṓr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/petwṓr"
],
[
"*kʷetwṓr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷetwṓr"
],
[
"*kʷetwóres",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷetwóres"
],
[
"cuatro",
"cuatro#English"
],
[
"quatre",
"quatre#English"
],
[
"fower",
"fower#Scots"
],
[
"fjauer",
"fjauer#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"fjouwer",
"fjouwer#West_Frisian"
],
[
"vier",
"vier#Dutch"
],
[
"veer",
"veer#Low_German"
],
[
"vier",
"vier#German"
],
[
"fire",
"fire#Danish"
],
[
"fyra",
"fyra#Swedish"
],
[
"𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂",
"𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂#Gothic"
],
[
"quattuor",
"quattuor#Latin"
],
[
"cuatro",
"cuatro#Spanish"
],
[
"quatre",
"quatre#French"
],
[
"τέσσαρες",
"τέσσαρες#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"ceathair",
"ceathair#Irish"
],
[
"pedwar",
"pedwar#Welsh"
],
[
"չորս",
"չորս#Armenian"
],
[
"keturi",
"keturi#Lithuanian"
],
[
"katër",
"katër#Albanian"
],
[
"चतुर्",
"चतुर्#Sanskrit"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Antigua and Barbuda Creole English",
"lang_code": "aig",
"word": "fuar"
},
{
"lang": "Antigua and Barbuda Creole English",
"lang_code": "aig",
"word": "fua"
},
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Australian Kriol",
"lang_code": "rop",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Belizean Creole",
"lang_code": "bzj",
"word": "foa"
},
{
"lang": "Belizean Creole",
"lang_code": "bzj",
"word": "foar"
},
{
"lang": "Bislama",
"lang_code": "bi",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Cameroon Pidgin",
"lang_code": "wes",
"word": "fo̱"
},
{
"lang": "Grenadian Creole English",
"lang_code": "gcl",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Gullah",
"lang_code": "gul",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Krio",
"lang_code": "kri",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Nigerian Pidgin",
"lang_code": "pcm",
"word": "fo̱r"
},
{
"lang": "Pichinglis",
"lang_code": "fpe",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Pijin",
"lang_code": "pis",
"word": "foa"
},
{
"lang": "Saramaccan",
"lang_code": "srm",
"word": "fɔ́"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "foa"
},
{
"lang": "Torres Strait Creole",
"lang_code": "tcs",
"word": "po"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "num",
"glosses": [
"A numerical value equal to 4; the number following three and preceding five.",
"Describing a set or group with four elements."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "ec5c631063e9a2125804a7ca8735afc402f164dc17b2d25af93600f6440e6cc1",
"rawRecordSha256": "18827172a9ed95773a98341ff91021a9c42546c0f550d46fe72525e843f916c2",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 5004
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}