Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To rub or wear away (something); to cause (something made of strands twisted or woven together, such as cloth or rope) to unravel through friction; also, to irritate (something) through chafing or rubbing; to chafe. · Of a deer: to rub (its antlers or head) against a tree, etc., to remove the velvet from antlers or to mark territory; also, to rub its antlers against (a tree, etc.) for that purpose. · To force or make (a path, way, etc.) through. · To bruise (someone or something); also, to take the virginity of (someone, usually a female person); to deflower.
A consequence of rubbing, unravelling, or wearing away; a fraying; also, a place where fraying has occurred.
The verb is derived from Late Middle English fraien (“to beat so as to cause bruising, to bruise; to crush; to rub; to wear, wear off”), borrowed from Old French fraier, freier, freiier (modern French frayer (“to clear, open up (a path, etc.); (figuratively) to find one’s way through (something); (obsolete) to rub”)), from Latin fricāre, the present active infinitive of fricō (“to chafe; to rub”), an intensive form of friō (“to break into pieces, crumble; to rub”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to cut”). Sense 1.2 (“to force or make (a path, way, etc.) through”) is derived from modern French frayer: see above. The noun is derived from the verb.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*bʰreyH-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionfraienenm · to beat so as to cause bruising, to bruise; to crush; to rub; to wear, wear off
- Derivation mentionfraierfro
- Cognate mentionfrayerfr · to clear, open up (a path, etc.); (figuratively) to find one’s way through (something); (obsolete) to rub
- Derivation mentionfricārela
- Derivation mention*bʰreyH-ine-pro · to cut
- Derivation mentionfrayerfr
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
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"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreyH-"
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{
"name": "inh",
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"2": "enm",
"3": "fraien",
"t": "to beat so as to cause bruising, to bruise; to crush; to rub; to wear, wear off"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fraien (“to beat so as to cause bruising, to bruise; to crush; to rub; to wear, wear off”)"
},
{
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"expansion": "Old French fraier"
},
{
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"t": "to clear, open up (a path, etc.); (figuratively) to find one’s way through (something); (obsolete) to rub"
},
"expansion": "French frayer (“to clear, open up (a path, etc.); (figuratively) to find one’s way through (something); (obsolete) to rub”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fricāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin fricāre"
},
{
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"args": {
"1": "2"
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{
"name": "sup",
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"expansion": "¹"
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{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "present"
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"expansion": "present"
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{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "active"
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"expansion": "active"
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{
"name": "glossary",
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"t": "to cut"
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to cut”)"
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[
"fraien",
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],
[
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[
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"freier#Old_French"
],
[
"freiier",
"freiier#Old_French"
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[
"frayer",
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[
"fricāre",
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[
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[
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[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰreyH-"
],
[
"frayer",
"frayer#French"
]
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"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To rub or wear away (something); to cause (something made of strands twisted or woven together, such as cloth or rope) to unravel through friction; also, to irritate (something) through chafing or rubbing; to chafe.",
"Of a deer: to rub (its antlers or head) against a tree, etc., to remove the velvet from antlers or to mark territory; also, to rub its antlers against (a tree, etc.) for that purpose.",
"To force or make (a path, way, etc.) through.",
"To bruise (someone or something); also, to take the virginity of (someone, usually a female person); to deflower."
],
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"pos": "noun",
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"A consequence of rubbing, unravelling, or wearing away; a fraying; also, a place where fraying has occurred."
],
"tags": [
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