Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗adv
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryCertainly, surely, indeed.
From Middle English iwis, iwys, ywis (“certain, sure”), from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”), from Proto-West Germanic *gawiss, from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz (“known, certain, sure”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know”). Cognate with Dutch gewis (“sure”), German gewiss (“certain”), Danish vis (“sure”). More at wit, wis.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "iwis, iwys, ywis",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Middle English iwis, iwys, ywis (“certain, sure”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġewiss",
"4": "",
"5": "certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gawiss"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gawiss"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gawissaz",
"4": "",
"5": "known, certain, sure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gawissaz (“known, certain, sure”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weyd-",
"4": "",
"5": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gewis",
"3": "",
"4": "sure"
},
"expansion": "Dutch gewis (“sure”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gewiss",
"3": "",
"4": "certain"
},
"expansion": "German gewiss (“certain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vis",
"3": "",
"4": "sure"
},
"expansion": "Danish vis (“sure”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"iwis",
"iwis#Middle_English"
],
[
"iwys",
"iwys#Middle_English"
],
[
"ywis",
"ywis#Middle_English"
],
[
"ġewiss",
"gewiss#Old_English"
],
[
"*gawiss",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gawiss"
],
[
"*gawissaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gawissaz"
],
[
"*weyd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyd-"
],
[
"gewis",
"gewis#Dutch"
],
[
"gewiss",
"gewiss#German"
],
[
"vis",
"vis#Danish"
],
[
"wit",
"wit#English"
],
[
"wis",
"wis#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"Certainly, surely, indeed."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable",
"poetic"
],
"recordId": "1133037958f8501bce0695525e46e74d9704ad6156d5e92c864400ac95ec614c",
"rawRecordSha256": "d5ac6a768aeae841eff61329ac34dfa2338aecff2b89edc2d00e798a898746d2",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 2194051
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}