*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of irony

Etymology tree Ancient Greek εἴρων (eírōn) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ία (-ía) Ancient Greek -είᾱ (-eíā) Ancient Greek εἰρωνεία (eirō

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

The quality of a statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context. · An ironic statement. · Dramatic irony: a theatrical effect in which the meaning of a situation, or some incongruity in the plot, is understood by the audience, but not by the characters in the play. · Socratic irony: ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Ancient Greek εἴρων (eírōn) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ία (-ía) Ancient Greek -είᾱ (-eíā) Ancient Greek εἰρωνεία (eirōneía)der. Latin īrōnīader. Old French Middle French ironieder. English irony First attested in 1502. From Middle French ironie, from Old French, from Latin īrōnīa, from Ancient Greek εἰρωνεία (eirōneía, “irony, pretext”), from εἴρων (eírōn, “one who feigns ignorance”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "wp",
      "args": {},
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "frm:ironie<ety:inh<fro:-<ety:der<la:īrōnīa>>>>",
        "id": "noun",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek εἴρων (eírōn)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ία (-ía)\nAncient Greek -είᾱ (-eíā)\nAncient Greek εἰρωνεία (eirōneía)der.\nLatin īrōnīader.\nOld French\nMiddle French ironieder.\nEnglish irony\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"dissembler\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"εἴρων\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i-eh₂\", \"id\" : \"i-extension\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ία\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-είᾱ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"εἰρωνεία\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"īrōnīa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"ironie\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"irony\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"noun\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"irony\" id=\"English:_noun\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "ironie"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French ironie"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "īrōnīa"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin īrōnīa"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "εἰρωνεία",
        "4": "",
        "5": "irony, pretext"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek εἰρωνεία (eirōneía, “irony, pretext”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "frm:ironie<ety:inh<fro:-<ety:der<la:īrōnīa>>>>",
        "id": "noun",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek εἴρων (eírōn)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ία (-ía)\nAncient Greek -είᾱ (-eíā)\nAncient Greek εἰρωνεία (eirōneía)der.\nLatin īrōnīader.\nOld French\nMiddle French ironieder.\nEnglish irony"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "εἴρων",
      "εἴρων#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_o-grade"
    ],
    [
      "*-i-eh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_i-extension"
    ],
    [
      "*-íā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/-íā"
    ],
    [
      "-ία",
      "-ία#Ancient_Greek:_abstract_noun"
    ],
    [
      "-είᾱ",
      "-εία#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "εἰρωνεία",
      "εἰρωνεία#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "īrōnīa",
      "ironia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "ironie",
      "ironie#Middle_French"
    ],
    [
      "ironie",
      "ironie#Middle_French"
    ],
    [
      "īrōnīa",
      "ironia#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "εἰρωνεία",
      "εἰρωνεία#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "εἴρων",
      "εἴρων#Ancient_Greek"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The quality of a statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.",
        "An ironic statement.",
        "Dramatic irony: a theatrical effect in which the meaning of a situation, or some incongruity in the plot, is understood by the audience, but not by the characters in the play.",
        "Socratic irony: ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "rhetoric",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "recordId": "db5b18c8515c41bdc2e191ba1a132179da10c041eb16856c4ccd0a23e516a90d",
      "rawRecordSha256": "8e18b3b492ae91fa8df7d379f08d875300b2d053d7efca28c3525cd36fad5565",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 251431
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 1,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
adj

Of or pertaining to the metal iron.

noun

A kind of metallic marble.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English hyrony, yreny, yrony, yrunny, equivalent to iron + -y.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionhyronyenm
  • Word-formation componentironen
  • Word-formation component-yen
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "etymid",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "iron"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "hyrony"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English hyrony"
    },
    {
      "name": "af",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "iron",
        "3": "-y",
        "id2": "adjectival"
      },
      "expansion": "iron + -y"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "hyrony",
      "hyrony#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "yreny",
      "yreny#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "yrony",
      "yrony#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "yrunny",
      "yrunny#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "iron",
      "iron#English"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#English:_adjectival"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Of or pertaining to the metal iron."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "82be3fc2f2b3d883b6454c5da3ef641e03890f0351c7018e557e9fb3307b181a",
      "rawRecordSha256": "9c18df7479dd84865922115bc603538ef7b06a0589f7049a442798f78d19e0a1",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 251432
    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A kind of metallic marble."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "childish",
        "dated"
      ],
      "recordId": "a009c21d29f604fb81fdf8760c8cfa5df5bec0269741fb37eeb303908ec53468",
      "rawRecordSha256": "57a07cb868ca9652760309e0bc63c59619d0f594ca8aacbf887c0bdd30b49f3b",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 251433
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for irony →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-aXJvbnk