Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗suffix
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAdded to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”. · Added to verbs to form adjectives meaning "inclined to". · Added to adjectives to form informal synonyms or adjectives meaning "somewhat, rather".
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y From Middle English -y, -i, from Old English -iġ (“-y, -ic”, suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (“-y, -ic”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ikos, *-iḱos (“-y, -ic”). Cognate with Scots -ie (“-y”), West Frisian -ich (“-y”), Dutch -ig (“-y”), Low German -ig (“-y”), German -ig (“-y”), Swedish -ig (“-y”), Gothic -𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-igs, “-y”), Latin -icus (“-y, -ic”), Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), Sanskrit -इक (-ika). Doublet of -ac and -ic.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mention-yenm
- Inherited-form mention-iġang
- Inherited-form mention*-ggmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*-īgazgem-pro
- Inherited-form mention*-kosine-pro
- Cognate mention-iesco
- Cognate mention-ichfy
- Cognate mention-ignl
- Cognate mention-ignds
- Cognate mention-igde
- Cognate mention-igsv
- Cognate mention-𐌹𐌲𐍃got
- Cognate mention-icusla
- Cognate mention-ικόςgrc
- Cognate mention-इकsa
- Doublet mention-acen
- Doublet mention-icen
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-y<id:adjectives>",
"id": "adjectival",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-gaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-g\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-iġ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-y\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"adjectival\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-y\" id=\"English:_adjectival\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -y"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-iġ",
"4": "",
"5": "-y, -ic",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old English -iġ (“-y, -ic”, suffix)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-g"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-g"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īgaz",
"4": "",
"5": "-y, -ic"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (“-y, -ic”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-kos"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-ie",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Scots -ie (“-y”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "-ich",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian -ich (“-y”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-ig",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -ig (“-y”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-ig",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Low German -ig (“-y”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ig",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "German -ig (“-y”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-ig",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -ig (“-y”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌹𐌲𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "-y"
},
"expansion": "Gothic -𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-igs, “-y”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-icus",
"3": "",
"4": "-y, -ic"
},
"expansion": "Latin -icus (“-y, -ic”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-इक"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -इक (-ika)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ac",
"3": "-ic"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ac and -ic"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-y<id:adjectives>",
"id": "adjectival",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nMiddle English -y\nEnglish -y"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-gaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-gaz#Proto-Germanic:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-g",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-g#Proto-West_Germanic:_adjectives"
],
[
"-iġ",
"-ig#Old_English:_adjectives"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#Middle_English:_adjectives"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#Middle_English"
],
[
"-i",
"-i#Middle_English"
],
[
"-iġ",
"-ig#Old_English"
],
[
"*-g",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-g"
],
[
"*-īgaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-īgaz"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos"
],
[
"*-ikos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ikos"
],
[
"*-iḱos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iḱos"
],
[
"-ie",
"-ie#Scots"
],
[
"-ich",
"-ich#West_Frisian"
],
[
"-ig",
"-ig#Dutch"
],
[
"-ig",
"-ig#Low_German"
],
[
"-ig",
"-ig#German"
],
[
"-ig",
"-ig#Swedish"
],
[
"-𐌹𐌲𐍃",
"-𐌹𐌲𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"-icus",
"-icus#Latin"
],
[
"-ικός",
"-ικός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-इक",
"-इक#Sanskrit"
],
[
"-ac",
"-ac#English"
],
[
"-ic",
"-ic#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”.",
"Added to verbs to form adjectives meaning \"inclined to\".",
"Added to adjectives to form informal synonyms or adjectives meaning \"somewhat, rather\"."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"informal",
"rare"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 177568
}
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