Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗A chisel with a curved blade for cutting or scooping channels, grooves, or holes in wood, stone, etc. · A bookbinder's tool with a curved face, used for blind tooling or gilding. · An incising tool that cuts blanks or forms for envelopes, gloves, etc., from leather, paper, or other materials. · A cut or groove, as left by a gouge or something sharp.
To make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping with or as if with a gouge. · To cheat or impose upon; in particular, to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price. · To dig or scoop (something) out with or as if with a gouge; in particular, to use a thumb to push or try to push the eye (of a person) out of its socket. · To use a gouge.
From Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”), from Old French gouge, goi (“gouge”), from Late Latin goia, gubia, gulbia (“chisel; piercer”), borrowed from Gaulish *gulbiā, from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbi, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”). The English word is cognate with Italian gorbia, gubbia (“ferrule”), Old Breton golb, Old Irish gulba (“beak”), Portuguese goiva, Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”), Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”), Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”), gylyf (“sickle”). The verb is derived from the noun.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gouge",
"4": "",
"5": "chisel with concave blade; gouge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gouge"
},
"expansion": "Old French gouge"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "goia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin goia"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*gulbiā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *gulbiā"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*gulbā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gulbā"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gorbia"
},
"expansion": "Italian gorbia"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "golb"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton golb"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gulba",
"3": "",
"4": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gulba (“beak”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "goiva"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese goiva"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "gilb",
"3": "",
"4": "chisel"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "gubia",
"3": "",
"4": "chisel, gouge"
},
"expansion": "Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gylf",
"3": "",
"4": "beak; pointed instrument"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”)"
},
{
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[
"gouge",
"gouge#Middle_English"
],
[
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[
"goi",
"goi#Old_French"
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[
"goia",
"goia#Latin"
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[
"gubia",
"gubia#Latin"
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[
"gulbia",
"gulbia#Latin"
],
[
"*gulbiā",
"Reconstruction:Gaulish/gulbia"
],
[
"*gulbā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gulbā"
],
[
"*gulbi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gulbi"
],
[
"*gulbīnos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gulbīnos"
],
[
"gorbia",
"gorbia#Italian"
],
[
"gubbia",
"gubbia#Italian"
],
[
"golb",
"golb#Old_Breton"
],
[
"gulba",
"gulba#Old_Irish"
],
[
"goiva",
"goiva#Portuguese"
],
[
"gilb",
"gilb#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"gubia",
"gubia#Spanish"
],
[
"gylf",
"gylf#Welsh"
],
[
"gylyf",
"gylyf#Welsh"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
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"A chisel with a curved blade for cutting or scooping channels, grooves, or holes in wood, stone, etc.",
"A bookbinder's tool with a curved face, used for blind tooling or gilding.",
"An incising tool that cuts blanks or forms for envelopes, gloves, etc., from leather, paper, or other materials.",
"A cut or groove, as left by a gouge or something sharp."
],
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{
"pos": "verb",
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"To make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping with or as if with a gouge.",
"To cheat or impose upon; in particular, to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price.",
"To dig or scoop (something) out with or as if with a gouge; in particular, to use a thumb to push or try to push the eye (of a person) out of its socket.",
"To use a gouge."
],
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