*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of flaw

From Middle English flawe, flay (“a flake of fire or snow, spark, splinter”), probably from Old Norse flaga (“a flag or slab of stone, flake”), from Proto-Germanic *flagō (“a layer of soil”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
verb

To add a flaw to, to make imperfect or defective. · To become imperfect or defective; to crack or break.

noun

A flake, fragment, or shiver. · A thin cake, as of ice. · A crack or breach, a gap or fissure; a defect of continuity or cohesion. · A defect, fault, or imperfection, especially one that is hidden.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English flawe, flay (“a flake of fire or snow, spark, splinter”), probably from Old Norse flaga (“a flag or slab of stone, flake”), from Proto-Germanic *flagō (“a layer of soil”), from Proto-Indo-European *plok- (“broad, flat”). Cognate with Icelandic flaga (“flake”), Swedish flaga (“flake, scale”), Danish flage (“flake”), Middle Low German vlage (“a layer of soil”), Old English flōh (“a fragment, piece”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "flawe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English flawe"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "flaga",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a flag or slab of stone, flake"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse flaga (“a flag or slab of stone, flake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*flagō",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a layer of soil"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flagō (“a layer of soil”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
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        "4": "",
        "5": "broad, flat"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *plok- (“broad, flat”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "flaga",
        "3": "",
        "4": "flake"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic flaga (“flake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "flaga",
        "3": "",
        "4": "flake, scale"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish flaga (“flake, scale”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "flage",
        "3": "",
        "4": "flake"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish flage (“flake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "vlage",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a layer of soil"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German vlage (“a layer of soil”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "flōh",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a fragment, piece"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English flōh (“a fragment, piece”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "flawe",
      "flawe#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "flay",
      "flay#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "flaga",
      "flaga#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "*flagō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flagō"
    ],
    [
      "*plok-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/plok-"
    ],
    [
      "flaga",
      "flaga#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "flaga",
      "flaga#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "flage",
      "flage#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "vlage",
      "vlage#Middle_Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "flōh",
      "floh#Old_English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To add a flaw to, to make imperfect or defective.",
        "To become imperfect or defective; to crack or break."
      ],
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        "transitive",
        "intransitive"
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    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A flake, fragment, or shiver.",
        "A thin cake, as of ice.",
        "A crack or breach, a gap or fissure; a defect of continuity or cohesion.",
        "A defect, fault, or imperfection, especially one that is hidden."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 236619
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
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  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
noun

A sudden burst or gust of wind of short duration; windflaw. · A storm of short duration. · A sudden burst of noise and disorder

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English *flaugh, from Middle Dutch vlāghe or Middle Low German vlāge, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *flagā. Or, possibly of North Germanic origin, from Swedish flaga (“gust of wind”), from Old Norse flaga; all from Proto-Germanic *flagǭ (“blow, strike”). See modern Dutch vlaag (“gust of wind”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mention*flaughenm
  • Derivation mentionvlāghedum
  • Derivation mentionvlāgegml
  • Derivation mention*flagāgmw-pro
  • Derivation mentionflagasv · gust of wind
  • Derivation mentionflaganon
  • Derivation mention*flagǭgem-pro · blow, strike
  • Cognate mentionvlaagnl · gust of wind
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "*flaugh"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English *flaugh"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "vlāghe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch vlāghe"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "vlāge"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German vlāge"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*flagā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *flagā"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmq",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "North Germanic"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sv",
        "3": "flaga",
        "t": "gust of wind"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish flaga (“gust of wind”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "flaga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse flaga"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*flagǭ",
        "t": "blow, strike"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flagǭ (“blow, strike”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "vlaag",
        "t": "gust of wind"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch vlaag (“gust of wind”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*flaugh",
      "Reconstruction:Middle English/flaugh"
    ],
    [
      "vlāghe",
      "vlaghe#Middle_Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "vlāge",
      "vlage#Middle_Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "*flagā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/flagā"
    ],
    [
      "flaga",
      "flaga#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "flaga",
      "flaga#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "*flagǭ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flagǭ"
    ],
    [
      "vlaag",
      "vlaag#Dutch"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A sudden burst or gust of wind of short duration; windflaw.",
        "A storm of short duration.",
        "A sudden burst of noise and disorder"
      ],
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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    "lexicalSenses": 0,
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  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for flaw →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-Zmxhdw