Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗A hand with the fingers clenched or curled inward. · Synonym of manicule. · The characteristic signaling rhythm of an individual telegraph or CW operator when sending Morse code. · A person's characteristic handwriting.
To strike with the fist. · To close (the hand) into a fist. · To grip with a fist. · To fist-fuck.
From Middle English fist, from Old English fȳst (“fist”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūsti (“fist”), of uncertain origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“to punch; to prick, stab”). Cognates Cognate with Yola fest, hist (“fist”), Saterland Frisian Fäste, Fääste (“fist”), West Frisian fûst (“fist”), Central Franconian Fuus (“fist”), Cimbrian bòista, vòista (“fist”), Dutch vuist (“fist”), German Faust (“fist”), Low German Fuust (“fist”), Luxembourgish Fauscht (“fist”), Vilamovian faojst, faust (“fist”), Yiddish פֿויסט (foyst, “fist”); also Irish fuaigh (“sew, stitch”), Latin pugnus (“fist”), Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”), πύκτης (púktēs, “boxer, pugilist”), Lithuanian kumštis (“fist”), Bulgarian пестник (pestnik, “fist; punch”), Czech pěst (“fist”), Polish pięść (“fist”), Russian пясть (pjastʹ, “metacarpus”), Serbo-Croatian пе̏ст, pȅst, пѐсница, pèsnica (“fist”), Slovak päsť (“fist”), Slovene pest (“fist”). More at five.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionfistenm
- Inherited-form mentionfȳstang · fist
- Inherited-form mention*fūstigmw-pro · fist
- Inherited-form mention*pewǵ-ine-pro · to punch; to prick, stab
- Cognate mentionfestyol
- Cognate mentionFästestq
- Cognate mentionfûstfy · fist
- Cognate mentionFuusgmw-cfr · fist
- Cognate mentionbòistacim
- Cognate mentionvuistnl · fist
- Cognate mentionFaustde · fist
- Cognate mentionFuustnds · fist
- Cognate mentionFauschtlb · fist
- Cognate mentionfaojstwym
- Cognate mentionפֿויסטyi · fist
- Cognate mentionfuaighga · sew, stitch
- Cognate mentionpugnusla · fist
- Cognate mentionπυγμήgrc · fist
- Cognate mentionkumštislt · fist
- Cognate mentionпестникbg · fist; punch
- Cognate mentionpěstcs · fist
- Cognate mentionpięśćpl · fist
- Cognate mentionпястьru · metacarpus
- Cognate mentionпе̏стsh
- Cognate mentionpäsťsk · fist
- Cognate mentionpestsl · fist
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fist"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fȳst",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Old English fȳst (“fist”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fūsti",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fūsti (“fist”)"
},
{
"name": "unc",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-",
"t": "to punch; to prick, stab"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“to punch; to prick, stab”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "fest"
},
"expansion": "Yola fest"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Fäste"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Fäste"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fûst",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian fûst (“fist”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Fuus",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian Fuus (“fist”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "bòista"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian bòista"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vuist",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vuist (“fist”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Faust",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "German Faust (“fist”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Fuust",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Low German Fuust (“fist”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Fauscht",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Fauscht (“fist”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "faojst"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian faojst"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "פֿויסט",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish פֿויסט (foyst, “fist”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "fuaigh",
"t": "sew, stitch"
},
"expansion": "Irish fuaigh (“sew, stitch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnus",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Latin pugnus (“fist”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πυγμή",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kumštis",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kumštis (“fist”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пестник",
"t": "fist; punch"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian пестник (pestnik, “fist; punch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "pěst",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Czech pěst (“fist”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pięść",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Polish pięść (“fist”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пясть",
"t": "metacarpus"
},
"expansion": "Russian пясть (pjastʹ, “metacarpus”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "пе̏ст"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian пе̏ст"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "päsť",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Slovak päsť (“fist”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "pest",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Slovene pest (“fist”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist#Middle_English"
],
[
"fȳst",
"fyst#Old_English"
],
[
"*fūsti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fūsti"
],
[
"*pewǵ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pewǵ-"
],
[
"fest",
"fest#Yola"
],
[
"hist",
"hist#Yola"
],
[
"Fäste",
"Fäste#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"Fääste",
"Fääste#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"fûst",
"fûst#West_Frisian"
],
[
"Fuus",
"Fuus#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"bòista",
"bòista#Cimbrian"
],
[
"vòista",
"vòista#Cimbrian"
],
[
"vuist",
"vuist#Dutch"
],
[
"Faust",
"Faust#German"
],
[
"Fuust",
"Fuust#Low_German"
],
[
"Fauscht",
"Fauscht#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"faojst",
"faojst#Vilamovian"
],
[
"faust",
"faust#Vilamovian"
],
[
"פֿויסט",
"פֿויסט#Yiddish"
],
[
"fuaigh",
"fuaigh#Irish"
],
[
"pugnus",
"pugnus#Latin"
],
[
"πυγμή",
"πυγμή#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"πύκτης",
"πύκτης#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"kumštis",
"kumštis#Lithuanian"
],
[
"пестник",
"пестник#Bulgarian"
],
[
"pěst",
"pěst#Czech"
],
[
"pięść",
"pięść#Polish"
],
[
"пясть",
"пясть#Russian"
],
[
"пе̏ст",
"пест#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"pȅst",
"pest#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"пѐсница",
"песница#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"pèsnica",
"pesnica#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"päsť",
"päsť#Slovak"
],
[
"pest",
"pest#Slovene"
],
[
"five",
"five"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A hand with the fingers clenched or curled inward.",
"Synonym of manicule.",
"The characteristic signaling rhythm of an individual telegraph or CW operator when sending Morse code.",
"A person's characteristic handwriting."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"recordId": "51eba55583b67a4f149615d0eecdefa525e670ee98971994548f4406c58dc1f6",
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 253998
},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To strike with the fist.",
"To close (the hand) into a fist.",
"To grip with a fist.",
"To fist-fuck."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"recordId": "824b1d0a40eddf832daf61f9c05fc8d26661c6968c26e4dd51e09e5134f1b2db",
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 253999
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
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"lexicalSenses": 4,
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}
}