*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of flock

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *flukkaz Proto-West Germanic *flokk Old English flocc Middle English flok English flock From Middle English flok, from Old English flocc (“flock, company, troop”), from Proto-West Germanic *

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
verb

To congregate in or head towards a place in large numbers. · To flock to; to crowd.

noun

A large number of animals associated together in a group; commonly used of sheep, but (dated) also used for goats or other livestock animals, or sometimes any group of animals. · The group of sheep being watched by one shepherd. · A large number of people. · Those served by a particular pastor or shepherd.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *flukkaz Proto-West Germanic *flokk Old English flocc Middle English flok English flock From Middle English flok, from Old English flocc (“flock, company, troop”), from Proto-West Germanic *flokk, from Proto-Germanic *flukkaz (“crowd, troop”). Cognate with German Low German Flock (“crowd, flock”), Danish flok (“flock”), Swedish flock (“flock”), Norwegian flokk (“flock”), Faroese flokkur (“flock”), Icelandic flokkur (“flock, group”). Related also to Norman fliotchet (“flock, crowd”), from Old Norse. Perhaps related to Old English folc (“crowd, troop, band”). More at folk.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*plewk-ine-pro
  • Inherited-form mentionflokenm
  • Inherited-form mentionfloccang · flock, company, troop
  • Inherited-form mention*flokkgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*flukkazgem-pro · crowd, troop
  • Cognate mentionflokda · flock
  • Cognate mentionflocksv · flock
  • Cognate mentionflokkno · flock
  • Cognate mentionflokkurfo · flock
  • Cognate mentionflokkuris · flock, group
  • Cognate mentionfliotchetnrf · flock, crowd
  • Cognate mentionfolcang · crowd, troop, band

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*plewk-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:flok",
        "id": "group",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *flukkaz\nProto-West Germanic *flokk\nOld English flocc\nMiddle English flok\nEnglish flock\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*flokk\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"flocc\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"flok\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"flock\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"group\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"flock\" id=\"English:_group\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "flok"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English flok"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "flocc",
        "t": "flock, company, troop"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English flocc (“flock, company, troop”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*flokk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *flokk"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*flukkaz",
        "t": "crowd, troop"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *flukkaz (“crowd, troop”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "Flock",
        "t": "crowd, flock"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German Flock (“crowd, flock”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "flok",
        "t": "flock"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish flok (“flock”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "flock",
        "t": "flock"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish flock (“flock”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "flokk",
        "t": "flock"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian flokk (“flock”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fo",
        "2": "flokkur",
        "t": "flock"
      },
      "expansion": "Faroese flokkur (“flock”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "flokkur",
        "t": "flock, group"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic flokkur (“flock, group”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "fliotchet",
        "t": "flock, crowd"
      },
      "expansion": "Norman fliotchet (“flock, crowd”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "folc",
        "t": "crowd, troop, band"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English folc (“crowd, troop, band”)"
    },
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      "name": "ety",
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        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:flok",
        "id": "group",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *flukkaz\nProto-West Germanic *flokk\nOld English flocc\nMiddle English flok\nEnglish flock"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
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      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flukkaz"
    ],
    [
      "*flokk",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/flokk"
    ],
    [
      "flocc",
      "flocc#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "flok",
      "flok#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "flok",
      "flok#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "flocc",
      "flocc#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*flokk",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/flokk"
    ],
    [
      "*flukkaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flukkaz"
    ],
    [
      "Flock",
      "Flock#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "flok",
      "flok#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "flock",
      "flock#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "flokk",
      "flokk#Norwegian"
    ],
    [
      "flokkur",
      "flokkur#Faroese"
    ],
    [
      "flokkur",
      "flokkur#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "fliotchet",
      "fliotchet#Norman"
    ],
    [
      "folc",
      "folc#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "folk",
      "folk#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
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      "glosses": [
        "To congregate in or head towards a place in large numbers.",
        "To flock to; to crowd."
      ],
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        "The group of sheep being watched by one shepherd.",
        "A large number of people.",
        "Those served by a particular pastor or shepherd."
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
verb

To coat a surface with dense fibers or particles; especially, to create a dense arrangement of fibers with a desired nap. · To cover a Christmas tree with artificial snow. · To treat a pool with chemicals to remove suspended particles.

noun

Coarse tufts of wool or cotton used in bedding. · A lock of wool or hair. · Very fine sifted woollen refuse, especially that from shearing the nap of cloths, formerly used as a coating for wallpaper to give it a velvety or clothlike appearance; also, the dust of vegetable fibre used for a similar purpose.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English flok (“tuft of wool”), from Old French floc (“tuft of wool”), from Late Latin floccus (“tuft of wool”), probably from Frankish *flokko (“down, wool, flock”), from Proto-Germanic *flukkōn-, *flukkan-, *fluksōn- (“down, flock”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“hair, fibres, tuft”). Cognate with Old High German flocko (“down”), Middle Dutch vlocke (“flock”), Norwegian dialectal flugsa (“snowflake”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian flok (“hair”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "flok",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tuft of wool"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English flok (“tuft of wool”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "floc",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tuft of wool"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French floc (“tuft of wool”)"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "floccus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tuft of wool"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin floccus (“tuft of wool”)"
    },
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      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
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        "3": "*flokko",
        "4": "",
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    },
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    },
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      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*plewk-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hair, fibres, tuft"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“hair, fibres, tuft”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "flocko",
        "3": "",
        "4": "down"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German flocko (“down”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "vlocke",
        "3": "",
        "4": "flock"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch vlocke (“flock”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian"
    },
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      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "flok",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hair"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian flok (“hair”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "flok",
      "flok#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "floc",
      "floc#Old_French"
    ],
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      "floccus",
      "floccus#Latin"
    ],
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      "*flokko",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/flokko"
    ],
    [
      "*flukkōn-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flukkōn-"
    ],
    [
      "*flukkan-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flukkan-"
    ],
    [
      "*fluksōn-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fluksōn-"
    ],
    [
      "*plewk-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/plewk-"
    ],
    [
      "flocko",
      "flocko#Old_High_German"
    ],
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      "vlocke",
      "vlocke#Middle_Dutch"
    ],
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      "flugsa",
      "flugsa#Norwegian"
    ],
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      "flok",
      "flok#Albanian"
    ]
  ],
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  "descendants": [],
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        "To cover a Christmas tree with artificial snow.",
        "To treat a pool with chemicals to remove suspended particles."
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for flock →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
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Import run
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Permanent entry ID
w-ZmxvY2s