Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗num
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA numerical value equal to 5; the number following four and preceding six. · Describing a group or set with five elements.
PIE word *pénkʷe Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe Proto-Germanic *fimf Proto-West Germanic *fimf Old English fīf Middle English fyf English five From Middle English fyf, fyve, from Old English fīf (“five”), from Proto-West Germanic *fimf (“five”), from Proto-Germanic *fimf (“five”), from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe. See also West Frisian fiif, Dutch vijf, German fünf, Norwegian and Swedish fem, Icelandic fimm; also Welsh pump, Latin quinque, Tocharian A päñ, Tocharian B piś, Lithuanian penki, Russian пять (pjatʹ), Albanian pesë, pêsë, Ancient Greek πέντε (pénte), Armenian հինգ (hing), Persian پنج (panj), Sanskrit पञ्च (páñca). Doublet of cinque, fin (“five currency units”), finnuf, pimp (“five”), ponzu, punch (“beverage”), and sengi (“currency”); related to Pompeii. The nasal *m in Proto-Germanic *fimf was lost through a sound change known as the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionfyfenm
- Inherited-form mentionfīfang
- Inherited-form mention*fimfgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*fimfgem-pro
- Inherited-form mention*pénkʷeine-pro
- Cognate mentionfiiffy
- Cognate mentionvijfnl
- Cognate mentionfünfde
- Cognate mentionfemsv
- Cognate mentionfimmis
- Cognate mentionpumpcy
- Cognate mentionquinquela
- Cognate mentionpäñxto
- Cognate mentionpiśtxb
- Cognate mentionpenkilt
- Cognate mentionпятьru
- Cognate mentionpesësq
- Cognate mentionπέντεgrc
- Cognate mentionհինգhy
- Cognate mentionپنجfa
- Cognate mentionपञ्चsa
- Doublet mentioncinqueen
- Doublet mentionfinnufen
- Doublet mentionponzuen
- Cognate mention*fimfgem-pro
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "dercat",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "langname",
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European"
},
{
"name": "word",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine",
"3": "pénkʷe",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "PIE word",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pénkʷe"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *pénkʷe"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:fyf",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pénkʷe\nProto-Germanic *fimf\nProto-West Germanic *fimf\nOld English fīf\nMiddle English fyf\nEnglish five\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fimf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fimf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"fīf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"fyf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"five\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"five\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fyf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fyf"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fīf",
"4": "",
"5": "five"
},
"expansion": "Old English fīf (“five”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fimf",
"4": "",
"5": "five"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fimf (“five”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fimf",
"4": "",
"5": "five"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fimf (“five”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pénkʷe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fiif"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian fiif"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vijf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vijf"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fünf"
},
"expansion": "German fünf"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fem"
},
"expansion": "Swedish fem"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fimm"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic fimm"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pump"
},
"expansion": "Welsh pump"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "quinque"
},
"expansion": "Latin quinque"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "päñ"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A päñ"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "piś"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B piś"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "penki"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian penki"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пять"
},
"expansion": "Russian пять (pjatʹ)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pesë",
"3": "pesë, pêsë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian pesë, pêsë"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέντε"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πέντε (pénte)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "հինգ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian հինգ (hing)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پنج",
"tr": "panj"
},
"expansion": "Persian پنج (panj)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पञ्च",
"tr": "páñca"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पञ्च (páñca)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cinque",
"3": "fin<id:five><t:five currency units>",
"4": "finnuf",
"5": "pimp<id:five><t:five>",
"6": "ponzu",
"7": "punch<id:beverage><t:beverage>",
"8": "sengi<id:currency><t:currency>"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cinque, fin (“five currency units”), finnuf, pimp (“five”), ponzu, punch (“beverage”), and sengi (“currency”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fimf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fimf"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:fyf",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *pénkʷe\nProto-Germanic *fimf\nProto-West Germanic *fimf\nOld English fīf\nMiddle English fyf\nEnglish five"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*pénkʷe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pénkʷe"
],
[
"*pénkʷe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pénkʷe#Proto-Indo-European:_five"
],
[
"*fimf",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fimf"
],
[
"*fimf",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fimf"
],
[
"fīf",
"fif#Old_English"
],
[
"fyf",
"fyf#Middle_English"
],
[
"fyf",
"fyf#Middle_English"
],
[
"fyve",
"fyve#Middle_English"
],
[
"fīf",
"fif#Old_English"
],
[
"*fimf",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fimf"
],
[
"*fimf",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fimf"
],
[
"*pénkʷe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pénkʷe"
],
[
"fiif",
"fiif#West_Frisian"
],
[
"vijf",
"vijf#Dutch"
],
[
"fünf",
"fünf#German"
],
[
"fem",
"fem#Swedish"
],
[
"fimm",
"fimm#Icelandic"
],
[
"pump",
"pump#Welsh"
],
[
"quinque",
"quinque#Latin"
],
[
"päñ",
"päñ#Tocharian_A"
],
[
"piś",
"piś#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"penki",
"penki#Lithuanian"
],
[
"пять",
"пять#Russian"
],
[
"pesë, pêsë",
"pesë#Albanian"
],
[
"πέντε",
"πέντε#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"հինգ",
"հինգ#Armenian"
],
[
"پنج",
"پنج#Persian"
],
[
"पञ्च",
"पञ्च#Sanskrit"
],
[
"cinque",
"cinque#English"
],
[
"fin",
"fin#English:_five"
],
[
"finnuf",
"finnuf#English"
],
[
"pimp",
"pimp#English:_five"
],
[
"ponzu",
"ponzu#English"
],
[
"punch",
"punch#English:_beverage"
],
[
"sengi",
"sengi#English:_currency"
],
[
"Pompeii",
"Pompeii#English"
],
[
"*fimf",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fimf"
],
[
"sound change",
"sound change"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "faiv"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "num",
"glosses": [
"A numerical value equal to 5; the number following four and preceding six.",
"Describing a group or set with five elements."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "f14b6288c3e16fc4c39dd321a63f475895a6e15b373e0cf3d5ed6bd44d17ee3e",
"rawRecordSha256": "69ce08a9d67f211579367bd0922afef86d045e3dba028385bb6ddc08d062d3aa",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 5013
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}