Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA (usually self-sustaining) chemical reaction involving the bonding of oxygen with carbon or other fuel, with the production of heat and the presence of flame or smouldering. · An instance of this chemical reaction, especially when intentionally created and maintained in a specific location to a useful end (such as a campfire or a hearth fire). · The occurrence, often accidental, of fire in a certain place, causing damage and danger. · The aforementioned chemical reaction of burning, considered one of the Classical elements or basic elements of alchemy.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ Proto-Germanic *fōr Proto-West Germanic *fuir Old English fȳr Middle English fyr English fire From Middle English fyr, from Old English fȳr (“fire”), from Proto-West Germanic *fuir, from *fuïr, a regularised form of Proto-Germanic *fōr (“fire”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥. Cognates See also Scots feier, fyre (“fire”), Yola vier, vire (“fire”), Saterland Frisian Fjuur, Fjúur (“fire”), West Frisian fjoer (“fire”), Alemannic German Füür (“fire”), Bavarian Feia (“fire”), Central Franconian Fauer, Feier, Füür (“fire”), Cimbrian bôar, vaür, vôar (“fire”), Dutch vier, vuur (“fire”), German Feuer (“fire”), German Low German Füer, Füür (“fire”), Luxembourgish Feier (“fire”), Mòcheno vaier (“fire”), Vilamovian faojer (“fire”), West Flemish vier (“fire”), Yiddish פֿײַער (fayer, “fire”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish fyr (“fire”), Icelandic funi (“fire”), Gothic 𐍆𐍉𐌽 (fōn, “fire”). Also, compare Armenian հուր (hur, “fire”), Greek πυρ (pyr, “fire”), Latin pūrgō (“to clean, cleanse, clear, purge, purify”), Umbrian 𐌐𐌉𐌓 (pir, “fire”), Bulgarian фир (fir, “ooze, pickle, soak”), Polish perz (“smoke”), Hittite 𒉺𒄴𒄯 (paḫḫur, “fire”), Luwian 𒉺𒀀𒄷𒌋𒌨 (pāhūr, “fire”), Tocharian A/B por/puwar (“fire”). This was an inanimate noun whose animate counterpart was Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnis (see ignite). Cognate to pyre.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionfyrenm
- Inherited-form mentionfȳrang · fire
- Inherited-form mention*fuirgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*fōrgem-pro · fire
- Inherited-form mention*péh₂wr̥ine-pro
- Cognate mentionfeiersco
- Cognate mentionvieryol
- Cognate mentionFjuurstq
- Cognate mentionfjoerfy · fire
- Cognate mentionFüürgsw · fire
- Cognate mentionFeiabar · fire
- Cognate mentionFauergmw-cfr
- Cognate mentionbôarcim
- Cognate mentionviernl
- Cognate mentionFeuerde · fire
- Cognate mentionFeierlb · fire
- Cognate mentionvaiermhn · fire
- Cognate mentionfaojerwym · fire
- Cognate mentionviervls · fire
- Cognate mentionפֿײַערyi · fire
- Cognate mentionfuniis · fire
- Cognate mention𐍆𐍉𐌽got · fire
- Cognate mentionհուրhy · fire
- Cognate mentionπυρel · fire
- Cognate mentionpūrgōla · to clean, cleanse, clear, purge, purify
- Cognate mention𐌐𐌉𐌓xum · fire
- Cognate mentionфирbg · ooze, pickle, soak
- Cognate mentionperzpl · smoke
- Cognate mention𒉺𒄴𒄯hit · fire
- Cognate mention𒉺𒀀𒄷𒌋𒌨xlu · fire
- Cognate mention*h₁n̥gʷnisine-pro
This page abbreviates 13 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:fyr<id:fire>",
"id": "noun",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥\nProto-Germanic *fōr\nProto-West Germanic *fuir\nOld English fȳr\nMiddle English fyr\nEnglish fire\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fōr\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fuir\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"fȳr\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"fyr\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"fire\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"noun\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"fire\" id=\"English:_noun\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fyr"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fyr"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fȳr",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Old English fȳr (“fire”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fuir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fuir"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fōr",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fōr (“fire”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*péh₂wr̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "feier"
},
"expansion": "Scots feier"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "vier"
},
"expansion": "Yola vier"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Fjuur"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Fjuur"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fjoer",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian fjoer (“fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Füür",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Füür (“fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Feia",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian Feia (“fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Fauer"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian Fauer"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "bôar"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian bôar"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vier"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vier"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Feuer",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "German Feuer (“fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Füer"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Füer"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Feier",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Feier (“fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mhn",
"2": "vaier",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Mòcheno vaier (“fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "faojer",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian faojer (“fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "vier",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish vier (“fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "פֿײַער",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish פֿײַער (fayer, “fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb,nn,sv",
"2": "fyr",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish fyr (“fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "funi",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic funi (“fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍉𐌽",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐍉𐌽 (fōn, “fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "հուր",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Armenian հուր (hur, “fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "πυρ",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Greek πυρ (pyr, “fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pūrgō",
"t": "to clean, cleanse, clear, purge, purify"
},
"expansion": "Latin pūrgō (“to clean, cleanse, clear, purge, purify”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌐𐌉𐌓",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian 𐌐𐌉𐌓 (pir, “fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "фир",
"t": "ooze, pickle, soak"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian фир (fir, “ooze, pickle, soak”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "perz",
"t": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Polish perz (“smoke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒉺𒄴𒄯",
"tr": "paḫḫur",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒉺𒄴𒄯 (paḫḫur, “fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𒉺𒀀𒄷𒌋𒌨",
"tr": "pāhūr",
"t": "fire"
},
"expansion": "Luwian 𒉺𒀀𒄷𒌋𒌨 (pāhūr, “fire”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁n̥gʷnis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnis"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:fyr<id:fire>",
"id": "noun",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥\nProto-Germanic *fōr\nProto-West Germanic *fuir\nOld English fȳr\nMiddle English fyr\nEnglish fire"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*péh₂wr̥",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/péh₂wr̥"
],
[
"*fōr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fōr"
],
[
"*fuir",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fuir"
],
[
"fȳr",
"fyr#Old_English:_fire"
],
[
"fyr",
"fyr#Middle_English:_fire"
],
[
"fyr",
"fyr#Middle_English"
],
[
"fȳr",
"fyr#Old_English"
],
[
"*fuir",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fuir"
],
[
"*fuïr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fuïr"
],
[
"*fōr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fōr"
],
[
"*péh₂wr̥",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/péh₂wr̥"
],
[
"feier",
"feier#Scots"
],
[
"fyre",
"fyre#Scots"
],
[
"vier",
"vier#Yola"
],
[
"vire",
"vire#Yola"
],
[
"Fjuur",
"Fjuur#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"Fjúur",
"Fjúur#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"fjoer",
"fjoer#West_Frisian"
],
[
"Füür",
"Füür#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"Feia",
"Feia#Bavarian"
],
[
"Fauer",
"Fauer#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"Feier",
"Feier#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"Füür",
"Füür#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"bôar",
"bôar#Cimbrian"
],
[
"vaür",
"vaür#Cimbrian"
],
[
"vôar",
"vôar#Cimbrian"
],
[
"vier",
"vier#Dutch"
],
[
"vuur",
"vuur#Dutch"
],
[
"Feuer",
"Feuer#German"
],
[
"Füer",
"Füer#Low_German"
],
[
"Füür",
"Füür#Low_German"
],
[
"Feier",
"Feier#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"vaier",
"vaier#Mòcheno"
],
[
"faojer",
"faojer#Vilamovian"
],
[
"vier",
"vier#West_Flemish"
],
[
"פֿײַער",
"פֿײַער#Yiddish"
],
[
"Danish",
"fyr#Danish"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"fyr#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"fyr#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"fyr",
"fyr#Swedish"
],
[
"funi",
"funi#Icelandic"
],
[
"𐍆𐍉𐌽",
"𐍆𐍉𐌽#Gothic"
],
[
"հուր",
"հուր#Armenian"
],
[
"πυρ",
"πυρ#Greek"
],
[
"pūrgō",
"purgo#Latin"
],
[
"𐌐𐌉𐌓",
"𐌐𐌉𐌓#Umbrian"
],
[
"фир",
"фир#Bulgarian"
],
[
"perz",
"perz#Polish"
],
[
"𒉺𒄴𒄯",
"𒉺𒄴𒄯#Hittite"
],
[
"𒉺𒀀𒄷𒌋𒌨",
"𒉺𒀀𒄷𒌋𒌨#Luwian"
],
[
"por",
"por#Tocharian_A"
],
[
"puwar",
"puwar#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"*h₁n̥gʷnis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁n̥gʷnis"
],
[
"ignite",
"ignite"
],
[
"pyre",
"pyre#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "ファイヤー",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "faiyā"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "faya"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A (usually self-sustaining) chemical reaction involving the bonding of oxygen with carbon or other fuel, with the production of heat and the presence of flame or smouldering.",
"An instance of this chemical reaction, especially when intentionally created and maintained in a specific location to a useful end (such as a campfire or a hearth fire).",
"The occurrence, often accidental, of fire in a certain place, causing damage and danger.",
"The aforementioned chemical reaction of burning, considered one of the Classical elements or basic elements of alchemy."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"countable"
],
"recordId": "6c753ced5beb4a0ca9ce68899f9a9d3349278dc21c43fcaa88f9e2cdb00543bd",
"rawRecordSha256": "1c927bb498d19653672d0260b336a1ceb17c6d2b996bf008c547d162d026a51d",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 30458
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 13,
"glosses": 0
}
}