*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of bower

From Middle English bour, from Old English būr, from Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būrą (“room, abode”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Búur (“storage room, utility room; cage”), German Bauer (“birdcage”

7 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 7 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

A bedroom or private apartments, especially for a woman in a medieval castle. · A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage, especially one that is used as a retreat. · A shady, leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods. · A large structure made of grass, twigs, etc., and decorated with bright objects, used by male bower birds during courtship displays.

verb

To embower; to enclose. · To lodge.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English bour, from Old English būr, from Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būrą (“room, abode”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Búur (“storage room, utility room; cage”), German Bauer (“birdcage”), Old Norse búr (“cage”) (Danish bur, Norwegian Bokmål bur, Swedish bur).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*bʰuH-ine-pro
  • Inherited-form mentionbourenm
  • Inherited-form mentionbūrang
  • Inherited-form mention*būrgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*būrągem-pro · room, abode
  • Cognate mentionBúurstq · storage room, utility room; cage
  • Cognate mentionBauerde
  • Cognate mentionbúrnon
  • Cognate mentionburda
  • Cognate mentionburnb
  • Cognate mentionbursv
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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        "1": "en",
        "2": "dwelling"
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      "Bauer",
      "Bauer#German"
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      "búr",
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      "bur",
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      "bur",
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
noun

A peasant; a farmer.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English boueer, from Old English būr, ġebūr (“freeholder of the lowest class, peasant, farmer”) and Middle Dutch bouwer (“farmer, builder, peasant”); both from Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būraz (“dweller”), from or related to *būaną (“to dwell”). Cognates Cognate with North Frisian Buur, böre, büür (“farmer”), Alemannic German pour, pur, Puur, pür (“farmer”), Dutch boer, bouwer (“farmer”), buur (“neighbour”), German and Luxembourgish Bauer (“farmer”), Low German Buer, Buur (“farmer”), Mòcheno pauer (“farmer”), Vilamovian pauer, pojer, poüer (“farmer”), Yiddish פּויער (poyer, “farmer”); also Albanian burr, burrë (“man; husband; brave male; lord”). Doublet of bauer, Boer, and boor. More at neighbour.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*bʰuH-ine-pro
  • Inherited-form mentionboueerenm
  • Inherited-form mentionbūrang
  • Derivation mentionbouwerdum · farmer, builder, peasant
  • Inherited-form mention*būrgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*būrazgem-pro · dweller
  • Cognate mentionBuurfrr
  • Cognate mentionpourgsw
  • Cognate mentionboernl
  • Cognate mentionBuernds
  • Cognate mentionpauermhn · farmer
  • Cognate mentionpauerwym
  • Cognate mentionפּויערyi · farmer
  • Cognate mentionburrsq
  • Doublet mentionbaueren
  • Doublet mentionBoeren
  • Doublet mentionbooren
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    },
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      "פּויער",
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Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

Either of the two highest trumps in the card games euchre and five hundred (where the joker is omitted).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From German Bauer. A doublet of etymology 2 and of the German-origin surname Bauer.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*bʰuH-ine-pro
  • Borrowed-form mentionBauerde
Inspect preserved source fields

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Source etymology 4

Original entry ↗
noun

A type of ship's anchor, carried at the bow.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From the bow of a ship + -er.

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Source etymology 5

Original entry ↗
noun

One who bows or bends. · A muscle that bends a limb, especially the arm.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From bow (verb) + -er.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Word-formation componentbowen
  • Word-formation component-eren
Inspect preserved source fields

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Source etymology 6

Original entry ↗
noun

One who plays any of several bow instruments, such as the musical bow or diddley bow.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From bow (noun) + -er.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Word-formation componentbowen
  • Word-formation component-eren
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Source etymology 7

Original entry ↗
noun

A young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From bough + -er, compare brancher.

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      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "suf",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "bough",
        "3": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "bough + -er"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "bough",
      "bough#English"
    ],
    [
      "-er",
      "-er#English"
    ],
    [
      "brancher",
      "brancher#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "1d969e1cbe7629f119d55a5f1a0c1b4a31cf597e62ec5f5644a61060e902fe12",
      "rawRecordSha256": "c2f844fbed4ec7e94b32d69126e7e9cd988d902caba7fe77cc7706d0326c76d3",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 310676
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for bower →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-Ym93ZXI