Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗A peasant. · A Boer, white South African of Dutch or Huguenot descent. · A yokel, country bumpkin. · An uncultured person; a vulgarian.
Borrowed from Dutch boer (“peasant”). Doublet of bauer, Boer, and bower (“peasant, farmer”). For the meaning development from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-, compare with other derived from this term Russian обыва́тель (obyvátelʹ, “the average man/citizen, the man in the street, philistine, resident, inhabitant”), Polish bydło (“cattle, rabble”) (whence Russian бы́дло (býdlo, “rabble, uncultured or stupid people, sheeple”)). Compare typologically with pagan (see more).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "dercat",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "odt",
"4": "gmw-pro",
"5": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "bor+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "boer",
"4": "",
"5": "peasant"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dutch boer (“peasant”)"
},
{
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"args": {
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"2": "bauer",
"3": "Boer",
"4": "bower",
"id3": "farmer",
"t3": "peasant, farmer"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of bauer, Boer, and bower (“peasant, farmer”)"
},
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "обыва́тель",
"3": "",
"4": "the average man/citizen, the man in the street, philistine, resident, inhabitant"
},
"expansion": "Russian обыва́тель (obyvátelʹ, “the average man/citizen, the man in the street, philistine, resident, inhabitant”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "bydło",
"3": "",
"4": "cattle, rabble"
},
"expansion": "Polish bydło (“cattle, rabble”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "бы́дло",
"3": "",
"4": "rabble, uncultured or stupid people, sheeple"
},
"expansion": "Russian бы́дло (býdlo, “rabble, uncultured or stupid people, sheeple”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"boer",
"boer#Dutch"
],
[
"bauer",
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],
[
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],
[
"bower",
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],
[
"*bʰuH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰuH-"
],
[
"обыва́тель",
"обыватель#Russian"
],
[
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"philistine"
],
[
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"bydło#Polish"
],
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"rabble",
"rabble"
],
[
"бы́дло",
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],
[
"sheeple",
"sheeple"
],
[
"pagan",
"pagan#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A peasant.",
"A Boer, white South African of Dutch or Huguenot descent.",
"A yokel, country bumpkin.",
"An uncultured person; a vulgarian."
],
"tags": [],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 171342
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