*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of brute

From Middle French brut, from Old French brut, from Latin brūtus (“dull, stupid, insensible”), an Oscan loanword, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Persian گران (gerâ

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

An animal seen as being without human reason; a senseless beast. · A person with the characteristics of an unthinking animal; a coarse or brutal person, particularly one who is dim-witted. · A kind of powerful spotlight. · One who has not yet matriculated.

verb

To shape (diamonds) by grinding them against each other.

adj

Without reason or intelligence (of animals). · Characteristic of unthinking animals; senseless, unreasoning (of humans). · Unconnected with intelligence or thought; purely material, senseless. · Crude, unpolished.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle French brut, from Old French brut, from Latin brūtus (“dull, stupid, insensible”), an Oscan loanword, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Persian گران (gerân) and Sanskrit गुरु (gurú) (English guru).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷreh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "brut"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French brut"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "brut"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French brut"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "brūtus",
        "t": "dull, stupid, insensible"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin brūtus (“dull, stupid, insensible”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "osc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Oscan"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷréh₂us",
        "t": "heavy"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "βαρύς"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "گران",
        "tr": "gerân"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian گران (gerân)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "गुरु",
        "tr": "gurú"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit गुरु (gurú)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "guru"
      },
      "expansion": "English guru"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "brut",
      "brut#Middle_French"
    ],
    [
      "brut",
      "brut#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "brūtus",
      "brutus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "*gʷréh₂us",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷréh₂us"
    ],
    [
      "βαρύς",
      "βαρύς#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "گران",
      "گران#Persian"
    ],
    [
      "गुरु",
      "गुरु#Sanskrit"
    ],
    [
      "guru",
      "guru#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
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      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "An animal seen as being without human reason; a senseless beast.",
        "A person with the characteristics of an unthinking animal; a coarse or brutal person, particularly one who is dim-witted.",
        "A kind of powerful spotlight.",
        "One who has not yet matriculated."
      ],
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        "UK"
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    },
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      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To shape (diamonds) by grinding them against each other."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
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    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Without reason or intelligence (of animals).",
        "Characteristic of unthinking animals; senseless, unreasoning (of humans).",
        "Unconnected with intelligence or thought; purely material, senseless.",
        "Crude, unpolished."
      ],
      "tags": [],
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  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 2,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for brute →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-YnJ1dGU