*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of guru

Borrowed from Hindi गुरु (guru) / Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū), from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”), originally "heavy" and in this sense cognate to English grieve and, more distantly, brute. Doublet of grave. A t

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
noun

In Indian traditions: a spiritual teacher who transmits knowledge to a shishya. · Any general teacher (as a term of respect). · An influential advisor or mentor. · A fraudster or conman relying on a projected air of confidence in an obscure field.

verb

To act as a guru; to give wise advice

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Borrowed from Hindi गुरु (guru) / Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū), from Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”), originally "heavy" and in this sense cognate to English grieve and, more distantly, brute. Doublet of grave. A traditional, though flawed etymology based on the Advayataraka Upanishad (line 16) describes the syllables gu as “darkness” and ru as “destroyer”, thus ascribing the meaning of “one who destroys/dispels darkness” to the word.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷreh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "bor+",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hi",
        "3": "गुरु"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Hindi गुरु (guru)"
    },
    {
      "name": "bor",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pa",
        "3": "ਗੁਰੂ"
      },
      "expansion": "Punjabi ਗੁਰੂ (gurū)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "गुरु",
        "4": "",
        "5": "venerable, respectable"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit गुरु (guru, “venerable, respectable”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grave"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of grave"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "गुरु",
      "गुरु#Hindi"
    ],
    [
      "ਗੁਰੂ",
      "ਗੁਰੂ#Punjabi"
    ],
    [
      "गुरु",
      "गुरु#Sanskrit"
    ],
    [
      "grieve",
      "grieve#English"
    ],
    [
      "brute",
      "brute#English"
    ],
    [
      "grave",
      "grave#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "In Indian traditions: a spiritual teacher who transmits knowledge to a shishya.",
        "Any general teacher (as a term of respect).",
        "An influential advisor or mentor.",
        "A fraudster or conman relying on a projected air of confidence in an obscure field."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "India",
        "humorous",
        "sometimes",
        "derogatory"
      ],
      "recordId": "232db84b050f7209fc5260170a1b9eafd3f7b8ca33d872ce975797618a78129e",
      "rawRecordSha256": "77501ce3ae063466b9a4ff2026b2e769c5dda2898014d89faabd28ff467e066a",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 220547
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To act as a guru; to give wise advice"
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "bb68be9eb599d424f96ea14c23277a987c77c37e6fe73d96848319fbe4f4a5c8",
      "rawRecordSha256": "5d2935f1d5cd60e4bd2f4a655dbc28bb2c53b3fb806dfceafec8d4759f89e8b8",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 220548
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for guru →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-Z3VydQ