*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of brawl

The verb is derived from Late Middle English braulen, brall, brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”); further etymology is uncertain, but the word could be related to bray and ultimately imitative. It may

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

A disorderly argument or fight, usually with a large number of people involved.

verb

To engage in a brawl; to fight or quarrel. · To create a disturbance; to complain loudly. · Especially of a rapid stream running over stones: to make a loud, confused noise. · To pour abuse on; to scold.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

The verb is derived from Late Middle English braulen, brall, brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”); further etymology is uncertain, but the word could be related to bray and ultimately imitative. It may be cognate with Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”), Dutch brallen (“to boast”), Low German brallen (“to brag”), Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”) (modern German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)). The noun is derived from Middle English brall, bralle, braul, braule, brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”), from the verb braulen: see above.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "braulen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English braulen"
    },
    {
      "name": "glossary",
      "args": {
        "1": "imitative"
      },
      "expansion": "imitative"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "bralle",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to chatter, jabber"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "brallen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to boast"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch brallen (“to boast”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "brallen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to brag"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German brallen (“to brag”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "prālen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to boast, flaunt"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "prahlen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to boast, flaunt, vaunt"
      },
      "expansion": "German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "sup",
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "brall"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English brall"
    },
    {
      "name": "sup",
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "braulen",
      "braulen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "brall",
      "brall#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "brallen",
      "brallen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "bray",
      "bray#English"
    ],
    [
      "bralle",
      "bralle#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "brallen",
      "brallen#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "brallen",
      "brallen#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "prālen",
      "pralen#Middle_High_German"
    ],
    [
      "prahlen",
      "prahlen#German"
    ],
    [
      "brall",
      "brall#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "bralle",
      "bralle#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "braul",
      "braul#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "braule",
      "braule#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "brawle",
      "brawle#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "braulen",
      "braulen#Middle_English"
    ]
  ],
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        "To create a disturbance; to complain loudly.",
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        "To pour abuse on; to scold."
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
verb

To move to and fro, to quiver, to shake.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Possibly from French branler (“to shake”), from Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”), from brand, branc (“blade of a sword”), from Vulgar Latin *brandus (“firebrand; flaming sword; sword”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenu- (“to burn”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "branler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to shake"
      },
      "expansion": "French branler (“to shake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "sup",
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²"
    },
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      "name": "der",
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        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "brandeler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to shake, wave; to agitate"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-vul",
        "3": "*brandus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "firebrand; flaming sword; sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *brandus (“firebrand; flaming sword; sword”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰrenu-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenu- (“to burn”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "branler",
      "branler#French"
    ],
    [
      "brandeler",
      "brandeler#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "brand",
      "brand#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "branc",
      "branc#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "*brandus",
      "Reconstruction:Latin/brandus"
    ],
    [
      "*bʰrenu-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrenu-"
    ]
  ],
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        "To move to and fro, to quiver, to shake."
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Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

A type of dance move or step. · Alternative form of branle (“dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance”).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From French branle (“type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake”), from branler (“to shake”), from Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”); see further at etymology 2. Alternatively, the word could be derived from brawl (“(obsolete) to move to and fro, quiver, shake”): see etymology 2.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "branle",
        "4": "",
        "5": "type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake"
      },
      "expansion": "French branle (“type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "brandeler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to shake, wave; to agitate"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "sup",
      "args": {
        "1": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "³"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
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      "branle",
      "branle#French"
    ],
    [
      "branler",
      "branler#French"
    ],
    [
      "brandeler",
      "brandeler#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "etymology 2",
      "#Etymology 2"
    ],
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      "brawl",
      "brawl#English"
    ],
    [
      "etymology 2",
      "#Etymology 2"
    ]
  ],
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      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A type of dance move or step.",
        "Alternative form of branle (“dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance”)."
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

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Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
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Import run
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Permanent entry ID
w-YnJhd2w