Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To transport toward somebody/somewhere. · To supply or contribute. · To occasion or bring about. · To raise (a lawsuit, charges, etc.) against somebody.
From Middle English bryngen, from Old English bringan, from Proto-West Germanic *bringan, from Proto-Germanic *bringaną (“to bring”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenk-, possibly based on *bʰer-. Compare Scots bring, West Frisian bringe, Low German brengen, Dutch brengen, Afrikaans bring, German bringen; also Welsh hebrwng (“to bring, lead”), Tocharian B pränk- (“to take away; restrain oneself, hold back”), Latvian brankti (“lying close”), Lithuanian branktas (“whiffletree”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionbryngenenm
- Inherited-form mentionbringanang
- Inherited-form mention*bringangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*bringanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*bʰrenk-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionbringsco
- Cognate mentionbringefy
- Cognate mentionbrengennds
- Cognate mentionbrengennl
- Cognate mentionbringaf
- Cognate mentionbringende
- Cognate mentionhebrwngcy
- Cognate mentionpränk-txb
- Cognate mentionbranktilv
- Cognate mentionbranktaslt
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bryngen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bryngen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bringan"
},
"expansion": "Old English bringan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bringan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bringan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bringaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to bring"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bringaną (“to bring”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrenk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenk-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bring"
},
"expansion": "Scots bring"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bringe"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bringe"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "brengen"
},
"expansion": "Low German brengen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "brengen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch brengen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "bring"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans bring"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bringen"
},
"expansion": "German bringen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "hebrwng",
"3": "",
"4": "to bring, lead"
},
"expansion": "Welsh hebrwng (“to bring, lead”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pränk-",
"3": "",
"4": "to take away; restrain oneself, hold back"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B pränk- (“to take away; restrain oneself, hold back”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "brankti",
"3": "",
"4": "lying close"
},
"expansion": "Latvian brankti (“lying close”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "branktas",
"3": "",
"4": "whiffletree"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian branktas (“whiffletree”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"bryngen",
"bryngen#Middle_English"
],
[
"bringan",
"bringan#Old_English"
],
[
"*bringan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bringan"
],
[
"*bringaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bringaną"
],
[
"*bʰrenk-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrenk-"
],
[
"*bʰer-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰer-"
],
[
"bring",
"bring#Scots"
],
[
"bringe",
"bringe#West_Frisian"
],
[
"brengen",
"brengen#Low_German"
],
[
"brengen",
"brengen#Dutch"
],
[
"bring",
"bring#Afrikaans"
],
[
"bringen",
"bringen#German"
],
[
"hebrwng",
"hebrwng#Welsh"
],
[
"pränk-",
"pränk-#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"brankti",
"brankti#Latvian"
],
[
"branktas",
"branktas#Lithuanian"
],
[
"whiffletree",
"whiffletree"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "bringim",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To transport toward somebody/somewhere.",
"To supply or contribute.",
"To occasion or bring about.",
"To raise (a lawsuit, charges, etc.) against somebody."
],
"tags": [
"ditransitive",
"transitive",
"figuratively"
],
"recordId": "2305f941cb8cbdd5e591cd101033f8da45baf832de57b7d30a85b575a612c975",
"rawRecordSha256": "c53a59ebce29b67ea99c685e03ce262621f60ff3b1115e468922c3512e71b8c7",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 30179
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 4,
"glosses": 0
}
}