Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA male child. · A young man. · A son of any age. · A male human younger than the speaker.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰā- Proto-Germanic *bō- Proto-West Germanic *bōjō Old English *bōia Middle English boye English boy From Middle English boy /boye (“servant, commoner, knave, boy”), from Old English *bōia (“boy”), from Proto-West Germanic *bōjō, from Proto-Germanic *bōjô (“younger brother, young male relation”), from Proto-Germanic *bō- (“brother, close male relation”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰā-, *bʰāt- (“father, elder brother, brother”). Cognate with Scots boy (“boy”), West Frisian boai (“boy”), Dutch boi (“boy”), Low German Boi (“boy”), and probably to the Old English proper name Bōia. Also related to Saterland Frisian Bouge (“boy”), West Flemish boe (“brother”), Norwegian dialectal boa (“brother”), Dutch boef (“rogue, knave”), Bavarian Bua (“young boy, lad”), German Bube ("boy; knave; jack"; > English bub), Icelandic bófi (“rogue, crook, bandit, knave”), Lombard bagaj ("boy"; (< Germanic)). See also bully.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionboy//boyeenm · servant, commoner, knave, boy
- Inherited-form mention*bōiaang · boy
- Inherited-form mention*bōjōgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*bōjôgem-pro · younger brother, young male relation
- Derivation mention*bō-gem-pro · brother, close male relation
- Derivation mention*bʰā-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionboysco · boy
- Cognate mentionboaify · boy
- Cognate mentionboinl · boy
- Cognate mentionBoinds · boy
- Cognate mentionBougestq · boy
- Cognate mentionboevls
- Cognate mentionboefnl
- Cognate mentionBuabar · young boy, lad
- Cognate mentionBubede
- Cognate mentionbófiis
- Cognate mentionbagajlmo
This page abbreviates 14 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:boye<id:boy>",
"id": "young male",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰā-\nProto-Germanic *bō-\nProto-West Germanic *bōjō\nOld English *bōia\nMiddle English boye\nEnglish boy\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bō-\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bōjō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"*bōia\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"boye\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"boy\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"young male\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"boy\" id=\"English:_young_male\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "boy//boye",
"t": "servant, commoner, knave, boy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English boy /boye (“servant, commoner, knave, boy”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*bōia",
"t": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Old English *bōia (“boy”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bōjō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bōjō"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bōjô",
"t": "younger brother, young male relation"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bōjô (“younger brother, young male relation”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bō-",
"t": "brother, close male relation"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bō- (“brother, close male relation”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰā-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰā-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "boy",
"t": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Scots boy (“boy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "boai",
"t": "boy"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian boai (“boy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "boi",
"t": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Dutch boi (“boy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Boi",
"t": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Low German Boi (“boy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Bouge",
"t": "boy"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Bouge (“boy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "boe",
"3": "",
"4": "brother"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish boe (“brother”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "boef",
"3": "",
"4": "rogue, knave"
},
"expansion": "Dutch boef (“rogue, knave”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Bua",
"t": "young boy, lad"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian Bua (“young boy, lad”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bube"
},
"expansion": "German Bube"
},
{
"name": "gloss",
"args": {
"1": "\"boy; knave; jack\"; > English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">bub</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"boy; knave; jack\"; > English bub)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bófi",
"3": "",
"4": "rogue, crook, bandit, knave"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic bófi (“rogue, crook, bandit, knave”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "bagaj"
},
"expansion": "Lombard bagaj"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic"
},
{
"name": "gl",
"args": {
"1": "\"boy\"; (< Germanic)"
},
"expansion": "(\"boy\"; (< Germanic))"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:boye<id:boy>",
"id": "young male",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰā-\nProto-Germanic *bō-\nProto-West Germanic *bōjō\nOld English *bōia\nMiddle English boye\nEnglish boy"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*bʰā-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰā-#Proto-Indo-European:_boy"
],
[
"*bō-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bō-#Proto-Germanic:_boy"
],
[
"*bōjō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bōjō#Proto-West_Germanic:_boy"
],
[
"*bōia",
"Reconstruction:Old English/boia#Old_English:_boy"
],
[
"boye",
"boye#Middle_English:_boy"
],
[
"boy",
"boy#Middle_English"
],
[
"boye",
"boye#Middle_English"
],
[
"*bōia",
"Reconstruction:Old English/boia"
],
[
"*bōjō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bōjō"
],
[
"*bōjô",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōjô"
],
[
"*bō-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bō-"
],
[
"*bʰā-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰā-"
],
[
"*bʰāt-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰāt-"
],
[
"boy",
"boy#Scots"
],
[
"boai",
"boai#West_Frisian"
],
[
"boi",
"boi#Dutch"
],
[
"Boi",
"Boi#Low_German"
],
[
"Bōia",
"Boia#Old_English"
],
[
"Bouge",
"Bouge#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"boe",
"boe#West_Flemish"
],
[
"boa",
"boa#Norwegian"
],
[
"boef",
"boef#Dutch"
],
[
"Bua",
"Bua#Bavarian"
],
[
"Bube",
"Bube#German"
],
[
"bub",
"bub#English"
],
[
"bófi",
"bófi#Icelandic"
],
[
"bagaj",
"bagaj#Lombard"
],
[
"Germanic",
"w:Germanic languages"
],
[
"bully",
"bully#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bislama",
"lang_code": "bi",
"word": "boe"
},
{
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"lang_code": "jam",
"word": "bwoy"
},
{
"lang": "Pijin",
"lang_code": "pis",
"word": "boe"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "boi"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "boy"
},
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "boi"
},
{
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"word": "boy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"word": "boy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "boy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "boy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lingala",
"lang_code": "ln",
"word": "bɔ́i",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"word": "boi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
]
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Boy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "boy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Iraqi Arabic",
"lang_code": "acm",
"word": "بوي",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "boy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "ボーイ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "bōi"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "boy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "бой",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "boj"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "boy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"word": "boi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"word": "boy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "bồi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "boi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A male child.",
"A young man.",
"A son of any age.",
"A male human younger than the speaker."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable",
"broadly",
"informal",
"diminutive",
"especially",
"endearing"
],
"recordId": "89cb1d9edefcc2870312263ff0cd915c3d8d4cba02ff9490483c4c9dcf6c157a",
"rawRecordSha256": "6d7c17c1a5e5f23c752dec41d4c39d637b22a15657c802026ac058f8297dbb49",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 16501
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 14,
"glosses": 0
}
}