*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of brood

From Middle English brood, brod, from Old English brōd (“brood; foetus; breeding, hatching”), from Proto-Germanic *brōduz (“heat, breeding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁- (“breath, mist, vapour, steam”).

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
verb

To keep an egg warm to make it hatch. · To protect (something that is gradually maturing); to foster. · (typically with over, on or about) To dwell upon one's thoughts moodily and at length, mainly alone. · To be bred.

noun

The young of certain animals, especially a group of young birds or fowl hatched at one time by the same mother. · The young of any egg-laying creature, especially if produced at the same time. · The eggs and larvae of social insects such as bees, ants and some wasps, especially when gathered together in special brood chambers or combs within the colony. · The children in one family; offspring.

adj

Kept or reared for breeding.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English brood, brod, from Old English brōd (“brood; foetus; breeding, hatching”), from Proto-Germanic *brōduz (“heat, breeding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁- (“breath, mist, vapour, steam”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionbroodenm
  • Inherited-form mentionbrōdang · brood; foetus; breeding, hatching
  • Inherited-form mention*brōduzgem-pro · heat, breeding
  • Derivation mention*bʰreh₁-ine-pro · breath, mist, vapour, steam

This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "brood"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English brood"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "brōd",
        "t": "brood; foetus; breeding, hatching"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English brōd (“brood; foetus; breeding, hatching”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*brōduz",
        "t": "heat, breeding"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brōduz (“heat, breeding”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰreh₁-",
        "t": "breath, mist, vapour, steam"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁- (“breath, mist, vapour, steam”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "brood",
      "brood#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "brod",
      "brod#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "brōd",
      "brod#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*brōduz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brōduz"
    ],
    [
      "*bʰreh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰreh₁-"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To keep an egg warm to make it hatch.",
        "To protect (something that is gradually maturing); to foster.",
        "(typically with over, on or about) To dwell upon one's thoughts moodily and at length, mainly alone.",
        "To be bred."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive",
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "1c6db5d6b13554a1601c957359a2345b16750b87c98f801dc9e1ad66e6283111",
      "rawRecordSha256": "350ca97b59a80ef95d0428cc9632618cbb2a778b22ce618e9d131ed4ad16fc62",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 154717
    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The young of certain animals, especially a group of young birds or fowl hatched at one time by the same mother.",
        "The young of any egg-laying creature, especially if produced at the same time.",
        "The eggs and larvae of social insects such as bees, ants and some wasps, especially when gathered together in special brood chambers or combs within the colony.",
        "The children in one family; offspring."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "recordId": "56e11cd4b3496e17bb139bb74d1fdf587077f517aee36e034799de9f9c364273",
      "rawRecordSha256": "328533866b0e74be56203c15651f2ef04f9a84ed0e1b0faf64ebf1f3368edb58",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 154715
    },
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Kept or reared for breeding."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "recordId": "fb23ed06d22d18d0773b67b45467f4edc82ad45074c5473c50baa929e41eea37",
      "rawRecordSha256": "fe813f1f113dc56e6bae72ccb3c77afd13d344ede6eeb5a0271d9ad94cb667e5",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 154716
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 4,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for brood →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-YnJvb2Q