Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/3
Original entry ↗adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryHaving a brown color/colour. · Gloomy. · Latino/Latin American · of color.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH-? Proto-Germanic *brūnaz Proto-West Germanic *brūn Old English brūn Middle English broun English brown Inherited from Middle English broun, from Old English brūn (“brown; dark; dusky”), from Proto-West Germanic *brūn, from Proto-Germanic *brūnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH-. Doublet of bruin. Cognates * Dutch bruin * German braun * Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish brun * Ancient Greek φρύνη (phrúnē), φρῦνος (phrûnos, “toad”) * Latin brunneus (“brown”) * Lithuanian bė́ras (“brown”) * Sanskrit बभ्रु (babhrú, “reddish-brown”) * West Frisian brún
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionbrounenm
- Inherited-form mentionbrūnang
- Inherited-form mention*brūngmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*brūnazgem-pro
- Inherited-form mention*bʰerH-ine-pro
- Doublet mentionbruinen
- Cognate mentionbruinnl
- Cognate mentionbraunde
- Cognate mentionφρύνηgrc
- Cognate mentionbrunneusla · brown
- Cognate mentionbė́raslt · brown
- Cognate mentionबभ्रुsa · reddish-brown
- Cognate mentionbrúnfy
This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:broun",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰerH-?\nProto-Germanic *brūnaz\nProto-West Germanic *brūn\nOld English brūn\nMiddle English broun\nEnglish brown\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*brūnaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*brūn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"brūn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"broun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"brown\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"brown\">"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "broun",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English broun"
},
{
"name": "inh+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "broun"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English broun"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "brūn",
"4": "",
"5": "brown; dark; dusky"
},
"expansion": "Old English brūn (“brown; dark; dusky”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*brūn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brūn"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brūnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brūnaz"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH-"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bruin"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of bruin"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bruin"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bruin"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "braun"
},
"expansion": "German braun"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb,nn,sv",
"2": "brun"
},
"expansion": "Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish brun"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φρύνη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φρύνη (phrúnē)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "brunneus",
"t": "brown"
},
"expansion": "Latin brunneus (“brown”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bė́ras",
"t": "brown"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bė́ras (“brown”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बभ्रु",
"tr": "babhrú",
"t": "reddish-brown"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit बभ्रु (babhrú, “reddish-brown”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "brún"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian brún"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:broun",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰerH-?\nProto-Germanic *brūnaz\nProto-West Germanic *brūn\nOld English brūn\nMiddle English broun\nEnglish brown"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*bʰerH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰerH-#Proto-Indo-European:_brown"
],
[
"*brūnaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brūnaz#Proto-Germanic:_brown"
],
[
"*brūn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brūn"
],
[
"brūn",
"brun#Old_English"
],
[
"broun",
"broun#Middle_English"
],
[
"broun",
"broun#Middle_English"
],
[
"brūn",
"brun#Old_English"
],
[
"*brūn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brūn"
],
[
"*brūnaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brūnaz"
],
[
"*bʰerH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰerH-"
],
[
"bruin",
"bruin#English"
],
[
"bruin",
"bruin#Dutch"
],
[
"braun",
"braun#German"
],
[
"Danish",
"brun#Danish"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"brun#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"brun#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"brun",
"brun#Swedish"
],
[
"φρύνη",
"φρύνη#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"φρῦνος",
"φρῦνος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"brunneus",
"brunneus#Latin"
],
[
"bė́ras",
"bėras#Lithuanian"
],
[
"बभ्रु",
"बभ्रु#Sanskrit"
],
[
"brún",
"brún#West_Frisian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ase",
"word": "B@Cheek-PalmForward B@Jaw-PalmForward"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Having a brown color/colour.",
"Gloomy.",
"Latino/Latin American",
"of color."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"US",
"capitalized",
"sometimes",
"broadly"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 535
}
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
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}