*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of rival

Learned borrowing from Latin rīvālis (literally “person using the same stream as another”). By surface analysis, Latin rīvus + -al.

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
noun

A competitor (person, team, company, etc.) with the same goal as another, or striving to attain the same thing. Defeating a rival may be a primary or necessary goal of a competitor. · Someone or something with similar claims of quality or distinction as another. · One having a common right or privilege with another; a partner.

adj

Having the same pretensions or claims; standing in competition for superiority.

verb

To oppose or compete with. · To be equal to, or match, or to surpass another. · To strive to equal or excel; to emulate.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Learned borrowing from Latin rīvālis (literally “person using the same stream as another”). By surface analysis, Latin rīvus + -al.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "lbor",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "rīvālis",
        "lit": "person using the same stream as another"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin rīvālis (literally “person using the same stream as another”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "surf",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la:rīvus",
        "3": "-al"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, Latin rīvus + -al"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "rīvālis",
      "rivalis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "rīvus",
      "rivus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "-al",
      "-al#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A competitor (person, team, company, etc.) with the same goal as another, or striving to attain the same thing. Defeating a rival may be a primary or necessary goal of a competitor.",
        "Someone or something with similar claims of quality or distinction as another.",
        "One having a common right or privilege with another; a partner."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "recordId": "0eca5af217d9f098ceb5f51e2ffc6688f07420e1af65ab3c4ce604e0075e4565",
      "rawRecordSha256": "059016123e85934255acd97d010e06ae609cd8293f28f31f631b3789f1134458",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 175319
    },
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Having the same pretensions or claims; standing in competition for superiority."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "recordId": "d5dd53eb5b8c0515e2b7083a5833f390a0cec238759a2683987b9243baec288d",
      "rawRecordSha256": "e6fd35042c1b08fae1a1abf7bdab65fbafba94e8b264fb19909cd361c5db6287",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 175320
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To oppose or compete with.",
        "To be equal to, or match, or to surpass another.",
        "To strive to equal or excel; to emulate."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "dddaf98c36eeeb237339c1158c0e9fcab783abaf77c430c4fdb8165704d0e86b",
      "rawRecordSha256": "49e8273fbd8edc81d54a5f704444810d612952f2b390cd0419974c4d6bd3bb9e",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 175321
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for rival →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-cml2YWw