Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗The unmowed part of a golf course. · A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy. · A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce. · The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.
To create in an approximate form. · To break the rules by being excessively violent. · To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player. · To render rough; to roughen.
In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
Not smooth; uneven. · Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished. · Turbulent. · Difficult; trying.
From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz. Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, "rough", "rugged"”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionroughenm
- Inherited-form mentionrūgang
- Inherited-form mention*rūhazgem-pro
- Cognate mentionruchsco
- Cognate mentionruuchstq
- Cognate mentionrûchfy · rough
- Cognate mentionruuchnds · rough
- Cognate mentionruignl · rough
- Cognate mentionraude · rough
- Cognate mentionruda · uneven on the surface, "rough", "rugged"
This page abbreviates 16 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"The unmowed part of a golf course.",
"A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.",
"A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.",
"The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created."
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"To break the rules by being excessively violent.",
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