Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗verb
To cry; shout. · To roar; make a great noise. · To make hoarse.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryHoarseness.
From Middle English ropen (“to cry out”), from Old English hrōpan (“to shout, proclaim; cry out, scream, howl”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną (“to call, shout, cry”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *kor- (“to caw, crow”). Cognate with Scots roup (“to shout, roar, cry out loudly”), Saterland Frisian roupe (“to call, shout”), Dutch roepen (“to shout, cry out”), German rufen (“to call, cry, shout”), Swedish ropa (“to call, cry out, shout”), Icelandic hrópa (“to cry out”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionropenenm · to cry out
- Inherited-form mentionhrōpanang · to shout, proclaim; cry out, scream, howl
- Inherited-form mention*hrōpanągem-pro · to call, shout, cry
- Derivation mention*ker-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionroupsco · to shout, roar, cry out loudly
- Cognate mentionroupestq · to call, shout
- Cognate mentionroepennl · to shout, cry out
- Cognate mentionrufende · to call, cry, shout
- Cognate mentionropasv · to call, cry out, shout
- Cognate mentionhrópais · to cry out
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ropen",
"t": "to cry out",
"id": "to cry out"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ropen (“to cry out”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrōpan",
"t": "to shout, proclaim; cry out, scream, howl"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrōpan (“to shout, proclaim; cry out, scream, howl”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōpaną",
"t": "to call, shout, cry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną (“to call, shout, cry”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ker-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ker-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "roup",
"t": "to shout, roar, cry out loudly"
},
"expansion": "Scots roup (“to shout, roar, cry out loudly”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "roupe",
"t": "to call, shout"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian roupe (“to call, shout”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roepen",
"t": "to shout, cry out"
},
"expansion": "Dutch roepen (“to shout, cry out”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "rufen",
"t": "to call, cry, shout"
},
"expansion": "German rufen (“to call, cry, shout”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ropa",
"t": "to call, cry out, shout"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ropa (“to call, cry out, shout”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrópa",
"t": "to cry out"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrópa (“to cry out”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"ropen",
"ropen#Middle_English:_to_cry_out"
],
[
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"hropan#Old_English"
],
[
"*hrōpaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōpaną"
],
[
"*ker-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ker-"
],
[
"*kor-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kor-"
],
[
"roup",
"roup#Scots"
],
[
"roupe",
"roupe#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"roepen",
"roepen#Dutch"
],
[
"rufen",
"rufen#German"
],
[
"ropa",
"ropa#Swedish"
],
[
"hrópa",
"hrópa#Icelandic"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To cry; shout.",
"To roar; make a great noise.",
"To make hoarse."
],
"tags": [
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"intransitive",
"Northern-England",
"Scotland",
"UK",
"transitive",
"usually",
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],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 1986304
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Hoarseness."
],
"tags": [],
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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}