Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗To make rose-colored; to redden or flush. · To perfume, as with roses.
Having a purplish-red or pink color; rosy.
From Middle English rose, roose, from Old English rōse, but with its vowel influenced by Old French rose, both from Latin rosa. cognates and more remote and uncertain etymology The Latin is of uncertain origin, but likely via Oscan from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) (Aeolic ϝρόδον (wródon)), from Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower”) (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀- (var^əδa-), Sogdian [script needed] (ward), Parthian wâr, late Middle Persian [Term?] (gwl /gul/), Persian گل (gol, “rose, flower”), and Middle Iranian borrowings including Old Armenian վարդ (vard, “rose”), Aramaic וַרְדָּא (wardā) / ܘܪܕܐ (wardā), Arabic وَرْدَة (warda), Hebrew וֶרֶד (wéreḏ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰos (“sweetbriar”) (compare Old English word (“thornbush”), Latin rubus (“bramble”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)). Possibly ultimately a derivation from a verb for "to grow" only attested in Indo-Iranian (*Hwardʰ-, compare Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati), with relatives in Avestan).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*Hwerdʰ-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionroseenm
- Inherited-form mentionrōseang
- Derivation mentionrosefro
- Derivation mentionrosala
- Derivation mentionῥόδονgrc · rose
- Derivation mention*vr̥dahpeo
- Cognate mention𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀ae
- Cognate mentionwârxpr
- Cognate mentionگلfa · rose, flower
- Cognate mentionվարդxcl · rose
- Cognate mentionוַרְדָּאarc
- Cognate mentionوَرْدَةar
- Cognate mentionוֶרֶדhe
- Derivation mention*wr̥dʰosine-pro
- Cognate mentionwordang
- Cognate mentionrubusla
- Cognate mentionhurdhesq
- Cognate mentionवर्धतिsa
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hwerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rose"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rose"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rōse"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōse"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rose"
},
"expansion": "Old French rose"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rosa"
},
"expansion": "Latin rosa"
},
{
"name": "unc",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "osc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥόδον",
"t": "rose"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "peo",
"3": "*vr̥dah",
"4": "",
"5": "flower",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀",
"3": "𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀-"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀- (var^əδa-)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "",
"tr": "ward"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian [script needed] (ward)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "wâr",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Parthian wâr"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"tr": "gwl",
"ts": "gul",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [Term?] (gwl /gul/)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گل",
"tr": "gol",
"t": "rose, flower"
},
"expansion": "Persian گل (gol, “rose, flower”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "վարդ",
"t": "rose"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian վարդ (vard, “rose”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "וַרְדָּא",
"tr": "wardā"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic וַרְדָּא (wardā)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "وَرْدَة"
},
"expansion": "Arabic وَرْدَة (warda)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "וֶרֶד",
"tr": "wéreḏ"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew וֶרֶד (wéreḏ)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wr̥dʰos",
"4": "",
"5": "sweetbriar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰos (“sweetbriar”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "word",
"3": "",
"4": "thornbush"
},
"expansion": "Old English word (“thornbush”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rubus",
"3": "",
"4": "bramble"
},
"expansion": "Latin rubus (“bramble”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hurdhe",
"3": "",
"4": "ivy"
},
"expansion": "Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वर्धति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"rose",
"rose#Middle_English"
],
[
"roose",
"roose#Middle_English"
],
[
"rōse",
"rose#Old_English"
],
[
"rose",
"rose#Old_French"
],
[
"rosa",
"rosa#Latin"
],
[
"ῥόδον",
"ῥόδον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"ϝρόδον",
"ϝρόδον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*vr̥dah",
"Reconstruction:Old Persian/vr̥dah"
],
[
"𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀-",
"𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀#Avestan"
],
[
"wâr",
"wâr#Parthian"
],
[
"گل",
"گل#Persian"
],
[
"վարդ",
"վարդ#Old_Armenian"
],
[
"וַרְדָּא",
"ורדא#Aramaic"
],
[
"ܘܪܕܐ",
"ܘܪܕܐ#Classical_Syriac"
],
[
"وَرْدَة",
"وردة#Arabic"
],
[
"וֶרֶד",
"ורד#Hebrew"
],
[
"*wr̥dʰos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wr̥dʰos"
],
[
"word",
"word#Old_English"
],
[
"rubus",
"rubus#Latin"
],
[
"hurdhe",
"hurdhe#Albanian"
],
[
"*Hwardʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hwardʰ-"
],
[
"वर्धति",
"वर्धति#Sanskrit"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To make rose-colored; to redden or flush.",
"To perfume, as with roses."
],
"tags": [
"poetic",
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "2e6f4adc398fa8c68176cf464b91f19836c68a010466051ec77dc5f2011b9fe3",
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 19637
},
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Having a purplish-red or pink color; rosy."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"recordId": "c4f800a7415936c6b316f02d48f1e932177c64f979db96c1fbdbd3972819b661",
"rawRecordSha256": "e54ca9116b7f3e80fdcd9245f3638bfc66b11ae691f037c2b967f2b0be0c73c9",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 19638
}
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"links": 0,
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}
}