*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of rot

Inherited from Middle English roten, rotten, from Old English rotian (“to rot, become corrupted, ulcerate, putrefy”), from Proto-West Germanic *rotēn, from Proto-Germanic *rutāną (“to rot”).

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
noun

The process of becoming rotten; putrefaction. · Decaying matter. · Any of several diseases in which breakdown of tissue occurs. · Verbal nonsense.

verb

To suffer decomposition due to biological action, especially by fungi or bacteria. · To decline in function or utility. · To (cause to) deteriorate in any way, as in morals; to corrupt. · To make putrid; to cause to be wholly or partially decomposed by natural processes.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Inherited from Middle English roten, rotten, from Old English rotian (“to rot, become corrupted, ulcerate, putrefy”), from Proto-West Germanic *rotēn, from Proto-Germanic *rutāną (“to rot”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionrotenenm
  • Inherited-form mentionrotianang
  • Inherited-form mention*rotēngmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*rutānągem-pro

This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    {
      "name": "yesno",
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I"
    },
    {
      "name": "glossary",
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "roten",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "lit": "",
        "pos": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": "",
        "id": "",
        "sc": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English roten"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh+",
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      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English roten"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
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        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rotian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to rot, become corrupted, ulcerate, putrefy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rotian (“to rot, become corrupted, ulcerate, putrefy”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*rotēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rotēn"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rutāną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to rot"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rutāną (“to rot”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
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      "roten",
      "roten#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "rotten",
      "rotten#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "rotian",
      "rotian#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*rotēn",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rotēn"
    ],
    [
      "*rutāną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rutāną"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The process of becoming rotten; putrefaction.",
        "Decaying matter.",
        "Any of several diseases in which breakdown of tissue occurs.",
        "Verbal nonsense."
      ],
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    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To suffer decomposition due to biological action, especially by fungi or bacteria.",
        "To decline in function or utility.",
        "To (cause to) deteriorate in any way, as in morals; to corrupt.",
        "To make putrid; to cause to be wholly or partially decomposed by natural processes."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "ambitransitive",
        "transitive"
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
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    "lexicalSenses": 4,
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  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for rot →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-cm90