Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo enclose or surround. · To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it. · To attach a ring to, especially for identification. · To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring.
From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of rank and rink, as well as indirectly range. Cognates * West Frisian ring * Low German Ring * Dutch ring * German Ring * Swedish ring * Finnish rengas More distantly cognate with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ (whence Bulgarian кръг (krăg), Polish krąg, Russian круг (krug)).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionryngenm
- Inherited-form mentionhringang
- Inherited-form mention*hringgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*hringazgem-pro
- Derivation mention*(s)krengʰ-ine-pro
- Doublet mentionranken
- Doublet mentionrinken
- Cognate mentionringfy
- Cognate mentionRingnds
- Cognate mentionringnl
- Cognate mentionRingde
- Cognate mentionringsv
- Cognate mentionrengasfi
- Cognate mention*krǫgъsla-pro
- Cognate mentionкръгbg
- Cognate mentionkrągpl
- Cognate mentionкругru
This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:ryng<id:circle>",
"id": "circle"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hringaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hring\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hring\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"ryng\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ring\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"circle\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"ring\" id=\"English:_circle\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ryng"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ryng"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hring",
"4": "",
"5": "ring, circle"
},
"expansion": "Old English hring (“ring, circle”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hring"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hring"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hringaz",
"4": "",
"5": "ring"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)krengʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rank",
"3": "rink"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of rank and rink"
},
{
"name": "dbt",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "range",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "range"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ring"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian ring"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Ring"
},
"expansion": "Low German Ring"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ring"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ring"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Ring"
},
"expansion": "German Ring"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ring"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ring"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "rengas"
},
"expansion": "Finnish rengas"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*krǫgъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кръг"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian кръг (krăg)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "krąg"
},
"expansion": "Polish krąg"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "круг"
},
"expansion": "Russian круг (krug)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:ryng<id:circle>",
"id": "circle"
},
"expansion": ""
}
],
"links": [
[
"ryng",
"ryng#Middle_English"
],
[
"hring",
"hring#Old_English"
],
[
"*hring",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hring"
],
[
"*hringaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz"
],
[
"*(s)krengʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)krengʰ-"
],
[
"*(s)ker-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)ker-"
],
[
"rank",
"rank#English"
],
[
"rink",
"rink#English"
],
[
"range",
"range#English"
],
[
"ring",
"ring#West_Frisian"
],
[
"Ring",
"Ring#Low_German"
],
[
"ring",
"ring#Dutch"
],
[
"Ring",
"Ring#German"
],
[
"ring",
"ring#Swedish"
],
[
"rengas",
"rengas#Finnish"
],
[
"*krǫgъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krǫgъ"
],
[
"кръг",
"кръг#Bulgarian"
],
[
"krąg",
"krąg#Polish"
],
[
"круг",
"круг#Russian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To enclose or surround.",
"To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it.",
"To attach a ring to, especially for identification.",
"To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"figuratively"
],
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}
],
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