Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea. · Any large flow of a liquid in a single body. · The last card dealt in a hand. · A visually undesirable effect of white space running down a page, caused by spaces between words on consecutive lines happening to coincide.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- Proto-Indo-European *h₁réyp-eh₂ Proto-Italic *reipā Latin rīpa Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-os? Proto-Indo-European *-o- Proto-Indo-European *-so- Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so- Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós Proto-Italic *-āsijos Proto-Italic *-āsios Latin -ārius Latin rīpārius Early Medieval Latin rīpāria Anglo-Norman rivierebor. Middle English ryver English river From Middle English ryver, from Anglo-Norman rivere, from Early Medieval Latin rīpāria (“littoral, riverbank”), from Latin rīpārius (“of a riverbank”), from Latin rīpa (“river bank”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to scratch, tear, cut”). Unrelated to Latin rīvus (“stream”) (whence rival, derive). Doublet of riviera and rivière. Largely displaced native English ea.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:ryver",
"id": "stream",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁reyp-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁réyp-eh₂\nProto-Italic *reipā\nLatin rīpa\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -ārius\nLatin rīpārius\nEarly Medieval Latin rīpāria\nAnglo-Norman rivierebor.\nMiddle English ryver\nEnglish river\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"river bank\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₁réyp-eh₂\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁reyp-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁réypeh₂\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*reipā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"rīpa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-āsijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂s(i)yós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āsios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"rīpārius\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Early Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"rīpāria\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-eme\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"riviere\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"ryver\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"river\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"stream\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"river\" id=\"English:_stream\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ryver"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ryver"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "riviere",
"4": "rivere"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman rivere"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-eme",
"3": "rīpāria",
"t": "littoral, riverbank"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin rīpāria (“littoral, riverbank”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rīpārius",
"t": "of a riverbank"
},
"expansion": "Latin rīpārius (“of a riverbank”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rīpa",
"t": "river bank"
},
"expansion": "Latin rīpa (“river bank”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reyp-",
"t": "to scratch, tear, cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to scratch, tear, cut”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rīvus",
"3": "",
"4": "stream"
},
"expansion": "Latin rīvus (“stream”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "riviera",
"3": "rivière"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of riviera and rivière"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ea"
},
"expansion": "English ea"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:ryver",
"id": "stream",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁reyp-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁réyp-eh₂\nProto-Italic *reipā\nLatin rīpa\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -ārius\nLatin rīpārius\nEarly Medieval Latin rīpāria\nAnglo-Norman rivierebor.\nMiddle English ryver\nEnglish river"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₁reyp-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁reyp-"
],
[
"*h₁réyp-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁réypeh₂"
],
[
"*reipā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/reipā"
],
[
"rīpa",
"ripa#Latin"
],
[
"*-eh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós#Proto-Indo-European:_suffix"
],
[
"*-āsios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āsios#Proto-Italic:_adjective"
],
[
"-ārius",
"-arius#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"rīpārius",
"riparius#Latin"
],
[
"rīpāria",
"riparia#Latin"
],
[
"riviere",
"riviere#Old_French"
],
[
"ryver",
"ryver#Middle_English"
],
[
"ryver",
"ryver#Middle_English"
],
[
"rivere",
"riviere#Old_French"
],
[
"rīpāria",
"riparia#Latin"
],
[
"rīpārius",
"riparius#Latin"
],
[
"rīpa",
"ripa#Latin"
],
[
"*h₁reyp-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁reyp-"
],
[
"rīvus",
"rivus#Latin"
],
[
"rival",
"rival#English"
],
[
"derive",
"derive#English"
],
[
"riviera",
"riviera#English"
],
[
"rivière",
"rivière#English"
],
[
"ea",
"ea#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Antigua and Barbuda Creole English",
"lang_code": "aig",
"word": "riba"
},
{
"lang": "Australian Kriol",
"lang_code": "rop",
"word": "riba"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "liba"
},
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "riva"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"word": "rivero",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "river",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "river (in poker)"
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"word": "reba",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "リバー",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ribā"
},
{
"lang": "Pennsylvania German",
"lang_code": "pdc",
"word": "Rewwer",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea.",
"Any large flow of a liquid in a single body.",
"The last card dealt in a hand.",
"A visually undesirable effect of white space running down a page, caused by spaces between words on consecutive lines happening to coincide."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "c1b7b5ab052ecc4188278a5e47582c445a03da90b2f7b8da144806cf8ac70ae2",
"rawRecordSha256": "b4bd332b100e79f5cb1b7b1ebbd68e44cd6547fd4b6a3a3415d50d4f9d2cc2de",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 38756
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"links": 0,
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
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}