Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To tear apart by force; to rend; to split; to cleave. · To pierce or cleave with a weapon. · To break apart; to split. · To burst open; explode; discharge.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA place torn; a rent; a rift.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- Proto-Germanic *rīfaną Old Norse rífabor. Middle English riven English rive From Middle English riven (“to rive”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse rífa (“to rend, tear apart”), from Proto-Germanic *rīfaną (“to tear, scratch”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to crumble, tear”). Cognate with Danish rive (“to tear”), Old Frisian rīva (“to tear”), Old English ārǣfan (“to let loose, unwrap”), Old Norse ript (“breach of contract, rift”), Norwegian Bokmål rive (“to tear”), Swedish riva (”to tear”) and Albanian rrip (“belt, rope”). More at rift.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:riven<ety:bor<non:rífa<ety:inh<gem-pro:*rīfaną>>>>",
"id": "split",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁reyp-\nProto-Germanic *rīfaną\nOld Norse rífabor.\nMiddle English riven\nEnglish rive\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁reyp-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*rīfaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"rífa\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"riven\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"rive\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"split\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"rive\" id=\"English:_split\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "riven",
"4": "",
"5": "to rive"
},
"expansion": "Middle English riven (“to rive”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rífa",
"4": "",
"5": "to rend, tear apart"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rífa (“to rend, tear apart”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rīfaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to tear, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rīfaną (“to tear, scratch”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reyp-",
"4": "",
"5": "to crumble, tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to crumble, tear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rive",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Danish rive (“to tear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "rīva",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian rīva (“to tear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ārǣfan",
"3": "",
"4": "to let loose, unwrap"
},
"expansion": "Old English ārǣfan (“to let loose, unwrap”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ript",
"3": "",
"4": "breach of contract, rift"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ript (“breach of contract, rift”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "rive",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål rive (“to tear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "rrip",
"3": "",
"4": "belt, rope"
},
"expansion": "Albanian rrip (“belt, rope”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:riven<ety:bor<non:rífa<ety:inh<gem-pro:*rīfaną>>>>",
"id": "split",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁reyp-\nProto-Germanic *rīfaną\nOld Norse rífabor.\nMiddle English riven\nEnglish rive"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₁reyp-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁reyp-"
],
[
"*rīfaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīfaną"
],
[
"rífa",
"rífa#Old_Norse"
],
[
"riven",
"riven#Middle_English"
],
[
"riven",
"riven#Middle_English"
],
[
"rífa",
"rífa#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*rīfaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīfaną"
],
[
"*h₁reyp-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁reyp-"
],
[
"rive",
"rive#Danish"
],
[
"rīva",
"riva#Old_Frisian"
],
[
"ārǣfan",
"aræfan#Old_English"
],
[
"ript",
"ript#Old_Norse"
],
[
"rive",
"rive#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Swedish",
"Swedish"
],
[
"riva",
"riva"
],
[
"rrip",
"rrip#Albanian"
],
[
"rift",
"rift#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To tear apart by force; to rend; to split; to cleave.",
"To pierce or cleave with a weapon.",
"To break apart; to split.",
"To burst open; explode; discharge."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"archaic",
"intransitive",
"rare"
],
"recordId": "81cd003f038a82adc632ab75ffdb1c24db1b697a70ec54e9b4f7c3a2374f588f",
"rawRecordSha256": "6fcd1237862064f1b4d322df63e7e58fda0bfee17992a26888885a2fc52f440d",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 239143
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A place torn; a rent; a rift."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "ffa1a69968f3b7ee98c26fa2b62ef300dccf2028767b52ad1572dc1aab2dd375",
"rawRecordSha256": "f6b504343b93a68d368f34a35386fe164e3d033e077971d2ed0e55da199e195e",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 239144
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 1,
"glosses": 0
}
}