*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of rise

From Middle English risen, from Old English rīsan, from Proto-West Germanic *rīsan, from Proto-Germanic *rīsaną (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to arise, rise”). According to Kroonen (2013), from Proto-In

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

The process of or an action or instance of moving upwards or becoming greater. · The process of or an action or instance of coming to prominence. · An increase in a quantity, price, etc. · Ellipsis of pay rise (“an increase in wage or salary”).

verb

To move upwards. · To grow upward; to attain a certain height. · To slope upward. · To appear to move upwards from behind the horizon of a planet as a result of the planet's rotation.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English risen, from Old English rīsan, from Proto-West Germanic *rīsan, from Proto-Germanic *rīsaną (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to arise, rise”). According to Kroonen (2013), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to rise, spring”). See also raise. Cognates Cognate with Dutch rijzen (“to rise”), German reisen (“to fall”), Limburgish rieze (“to rise”), Faroese and Icelandic rísa (“to rise”), Norwegian Nynorsk risa, rise (“to rise”), Gothic *𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 (*reisan, “to rise”) (whence 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 (urreisan, “to arise”)). Non-Germanic cognates include Cornish ardh (“height”), Irish arad, ard, árd (“high, tall”), Manx ard (“high, tall”), Scottish Gaelic àrd (“high”), Welsh ardd (“hill, upland”), Latin orior (“to rise”), Ancient Greek ἔρις (éris, “quarell, strife; contention, rivalry”) (whence Greek έριδα (érida, “feud”)), Albanian rashë (“to have fallen; to have flopped”), Bulgarian ръст (răst, “size; stature; growth”), Czech růst (“growth”), Macedonian раст (rast, “growth, height”), Polish rost, wzrost (“growth”), Russian рост (rost, “growth”), Serbo-Croatian ра̑ст, rȃst (“growth”), Slovene rȃst (“growth”), Old Armenian յառնեմ (yaṙnem, “to arise, rise”) (whence Armenian հառնել (haṙnel, “to rise up”)), Persian رمبیدن (rombidan, “to collapse”), Tocharian A ar- (“to evoke”), Tocharian B er- (“to evoke”), Hittite 𒀀𒊏𒀀𒄑𒍣 (arāwanzi, “to rise”), Sanskrit ऋ (ṛ, “to rise”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Derivation mentionrisenenm
  • Derivation mentionrīsanang
  • Derivation mention*rīsangmw-pro
  • Derivation mention*rīsanągem-pro · to rise
  • Derivation mention*h₁rey-ine-pro · to arise, rise
  • Derivation mention*h₃er-ine-pro · to rise, spring
  • Cognate mentionrijzennl · to rise
  • Cognate mentionreisende · to fall
  • Cognate mentionriezeli · to rise
  • Cognate mentionrisann
  • Cognate mention*𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽got · to rise
  • Cognate mentionardhkw · height
  • Cognate mentionaradga
  • Cognate mentionardgv · high, tall
  • Cognate mentionàrdgd · high
  • Cognate mentionarddcy · hill, upland
  • Cognate mentionoriorla · to rise
  • Cognate mentionἔριςgrc · quarell, strife; contention, rivalry
  • Cognate mentionέριδαel · feud
  • Cognate mentionrashësq · to have fallen; to have flopped
  • Cognate mentionръстbg · size; stature; growth
  • Cognate mentionrůstcs · growth
  • Cognate mentionрастmk · growth, height
  • Cognate mentionrostpl
  • Cognate mentionростru · growth
  • Cognate mentionра̑стsh
  • Cognate mentionrȃstsl · growth
  • Cognate mentionյառնեմxcl · to arise, rise
  • Cognate mentionհառնելhy · to rise up
  • Cognate mentionرمبیدنfa · to collapse
  • Cognate mentionar-xto · to evoke
  • Cognate mentioner-txb · to evoke
  • Cognate mention𒀀𒊏𒀀𒄑𒍣hit · to rise
  • Cognate mentionऋsa · to rise

This page abbreviates 26 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "risen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English risen"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rīsan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rīsan"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*rīsan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rīsan"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rīsaną",
        "t": "to rise"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rīsaną (“to rise”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rey-",
        "t": "to arise, rise"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to arise, rise”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃er-",
        "t": "to rise, spring"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to rise, spring”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "col-top",
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "cog"
      },
      "expansion": "Cognates"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "rijzen",
        "t": "to rise"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch rijzen (“to rise”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "reisen",
        "t": "to fall",
        "id": "fall"
      },
      "expansion": "German reisen (“to fall”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "li",
        "2": "rieze",
        "t": "to rise"
      },
      "expansion": "Limburgish rieze (“to rise”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fo,is",
        "2": "rísa",
        "t": "to rise"
      },
      "expansion": "Faroese and Icelandic rísa (“to rise”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "risa"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk risa"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "*𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽",
        "t": "to rise"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic *𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 (*reisan, “to rise”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "ardh",
        "t": "height"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish ardh (“height”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "arad"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish arad"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gv",
        "2": "ard",
        "t": "high, tall"
      },
      "expansion": "Manx ard (“high, tall”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "2": "àrd",
        "t": "high"
      },
      "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic àrd (“high”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ardd",
        "t": "hill, upland"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh ardd (“hill, upland”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "orior",
        "t": "to rise"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin orior (“to rise”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἔρις",
        "t": "quarell, strife; contention, rivalry"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἔρις (éris, “quarell, strife; contention, rivalry”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "έριδα",
        "t": "feud"
      },
      "expansion": "Greek έριδα (érida, “feud”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "rashë",
        "t": "to have fallen; to have flopped"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian rashë (“to have fallen; to have flopped”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "ръст",
        "t": "size; stature; growth"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian ръст (răst, “size; stature; growth”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "růst",
        "t": "growth"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech růst (“growth”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "раст",
        "t": "growth, height"
      },
      "expansion": "Macedonian раст (rast, “growth, height”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "rost"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish rost"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "рост",
        "t": "growth"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian рост (rost, “growth”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "ра̑ст"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian ра̑ст"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sl",
        "2": "rȃst",
        "t": "growth"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovene rȃst (“growth”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "յառնեմ",
        "t": "to arise, rise"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian յառնեմ (yaṙnem, “to arise, rise”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "հառնել",
        "t": "to rise up"
      },
      "expansion": "Armenian հառնել (haṙnel, “to rise up”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "رمبیدن",
        "tr": "rombidan",
        "t": "to collapse"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian رمبیدن (rombidan, “to collapse”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "xto",
        "2": "ar-",
        "t": "to evoke"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian A ar- (“to evoke”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "er-",
        "t": "to evoke"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian B er- (“to evoke”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "𒀀𒊏𒀀𒄑𒍣",
        "tr": "arāwanzi",
        "t": "to rise"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite 𒀀𒊏𒀀𒄑𒍣 (arāwanzi, “to rise”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ऋ",
        "t": "to rise"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit ऋ (ṛ, “to rise”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "risen",
      "risen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "rīsan",
      "risan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*rīsan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rīsan"
    ],
    [
      "*rīsaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīsaną"
    ],
    [
      "*h₁rey-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁rey-"
    ],
    [
      "*h₃er-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃er-"
    ],
    [
      "raise",
      "raise#English"
    ],
    [
      "rijzen",
      "rijzen#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "reisen",
      "reisen#German:_fall"
    ],
    [
      "rieze",
      "rieze#Limburgish"
    ],
    [
      "Faroese",
      "rísa#Faroese"
    ],
    [
      "rísa",
      "rísa#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "risa",
      "risa#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
    [
      "rise",
      "rise#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
    [
      "*𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽",
      "Reconstruction:Gothic/𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"
    ],
    [
      "𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽",
      "𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
    ],
    [
      "ardh",
      "ardh#Cornish"
    ],
    [
      "arad",
      "arad#Irish"
    ],
    [
      "ard",
      "ard#Irish"
    ],
    [
      "árd",
      "árd#Irish"
    ],
    [
      "ard",
      "ard#Manx"
    ],
    [
      "àrd",
      "àrd#Scottish_Gaelic"
    ],
    [
      "ardd",
      "ardd#Welsh"
    ],
    [
      "orior",
      "orior#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "ἔρις",
      "ἔρις#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "έριδα",
      "έριδα#Greek"
    ],
    [
      "rashë",
      "rashë#Albanian"
    ],
    [
      "ръст",
      "ръст#Bulgarian"
    ],
    [
      "růst",
      "růst#Czech"
    ],
    [
      "раст",
      "раст#Macedonian"
    ],
    [
      "rost",
      "rost#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "wzrost",
      "wzrost#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "рост",
      "рост#Russian"
    ],
    [
      "ра̑ст",
      "раст#Serbo-Croatian"
    ],
    [
      "rȃst",
      "rast#Serbo-Croatian"
    ],
    [
      "rȃst",
      "rast#Slovene"
    ],
    [
      "յառնեմ",
      "յառնեմ#Old_Armenian"
    ],
    [
      "հառնել",
      "հառնել#Armenian"
    ],
    [
      "رمبیدن",
      "رمبیدن#Persian"
    ],
    [
      "ar-",
      "ar-#Tocharian_A"
    ],
    [
      "er-",
      "er-#Tocharian_B"
    ],
    [
      "𒀀𒊏𒀀𒄑𒍣",
      "𒀀𒊏𒀀𒄑𒍣#Hittite"
    ],
    [
      "ऋ",
      "ऋ#Sanskrit"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The process of or an action or instance of moving upwards or becoming greater.",
        "The process of or an action or instance of coming to prominence.",
        "An increase in a quantity, price, etc.",
        "Ellipsis of pay rise (“an increase in wage or salary”)."
      ],
      "tags": [
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        "Canada",
        "New-Zealand",
        "South-Africa",
        "UK",
        "also",
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        "ellipsis",
        "sometimes"
      ],
      "recordId": "00de1ac4b7a8bd389038c19a4e82e6e418b764bcadb1568c1192c46c0a977648",
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 34094
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To move upwards.",
        "To grow upward; to attain a certain height.",
        "To slope upward.",
        "To appear to move upwards from behind the horizon of a planet as a result of the planet's rotation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "2b13967b81af5ec4cc9c78d0c08a7183f245e0eceb2ea08a8909c01e3de9adc2",
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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    "links": 0,
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    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 26,
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  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
noun

Alternative form of rice (“twig”).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English ris, rys, from Old English hrīs, from Proto-Germanic *hrīsą (“twig; shoot”). More at rice.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionrisenm
  • Inherited-form mentionhrīsang
  • Inherited-form mention*hrīsągem-pro
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ris"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ris"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hrīs"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hrīs"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrīsą",
        "4": "",
        "5": "twig; shoot"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrīsą (“twig; shoot”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "ris",
      "ris#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "rys",
      "rys#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "hrīs",
      "hris#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*hrīsą",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrīsą"
    ],
    [
      "rice",
      "rice#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of rice (“twig”)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ],
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for rise →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-cmlzZQ