Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗Fog, mist; light rain; smoke, vapour; damp.
From Middle English roke (“fog, vapour, cloud”), probably from Old Norse roka ("whirlwind, fine spray"; compare Old Norse særoka (“seaspray”)), reinforced later by Middle Dutch roke, rooc (“smoke”), from Old Dutch rouc (“steam, vapour”), from Proto-Germanic *raukiz (“smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewg- (“to erupt, vomit, burp”), from *rew- (“to roar, growl, grumble”). Cognate with Scots rok, roik, rouk (“mist, fog, cloud”), Dutch rook (“smoke, fog”), German Rauch (“smoke, fume”), Swedish rök (“smoke, fume, steam, reek”), West Frisian reek, riik (“smoke, fume”). More at reek. Compare dialectal rawk, which is related, and rag (“fog”) (see raggy (“foggy”)), which may or may not be.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionrokeenm
- Derivation mentionrokanon
- Cognate mentionsærokanon · seaspray
- Derivation mentionrokedum
- Derivation mentionroucodt
- Derivation mention*raukizgem-pro
- Derivation mention*rewg-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionroksco
- Cognate mentionrooknl
- Cognate mentionRauchde
- Cognate mentionröksv
- Cognate mentionreekfy
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "roke",
"4": "",
"5": "fog, vapour, cloud"
},
"expansion": "Middle English roke (“fog, vapour, cloud”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "roka"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse roka"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "særoka",
"t": "seaspray"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse særoka (“seaspray”)"
},
{
"name": "gloss",
"args": {
"1": "\"whirlwind, fine spray\"; compare Old Norse <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">særoka</i> (“seaspray”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"whirlwind, fine spray\"; compare Old Norse særoka (“seaspray”))"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "roke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch roke"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "odt",
"3": "rouc",
"4": "",
"5": "steam, vapour"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch rouc (“steam, vapour”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raukiz",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raukiz (“smoke”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*rewg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to erupt, vomit, burp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rewg- (“to erupt, vomit, burp”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Scots rok"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rook",
"3": "",
"4": "smoke, fog"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rook (“smoke, fog”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rauch",
"3": "",
"4": "smoke, fume"
},
"expansion": "German Rauch (“smoke, fume”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rök",
"3": "",
"4": "smoke, fume, steam, reek"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rök (“smoke, fume, steam, reek”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "reek"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian reek"
}
],
"links": [
[
"roke",
"roke#Middle_English"
],
[
"roka",
"roka#Old_Norse"
],
[
"Old Norse",
"w:Old Norse"
],
[
"særoka",
"særoka#Old_Norse"
],
[
"roke",
"roke#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"rooc",
"rooc#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"rouc",
"rouc#Old_Dutch"
],
[
"*raukiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raukiz"
],
[
"*rewg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/rewg-"
],
[
"*rew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/rew-"
],
[
"rok",
"rok#Scots"
],
[
"roik",
"roik#Scots"
],
[
"rouk",
"rouk#Scots"
],
[
"rook",
"rook#Dutch"
],
[
"Rauch",
"Rauch#German"
],
[
"rök",
"rök#Swedish"
],
[
"reek",
"reek#West_Frisian"
],
[
"riik",
"riik#West_Frisian"
],
[
"reek",
"reek#English"
],
[
"rawk",
"rawk#English"
],
[
"rag",
"rag#English"
],
[
"raggy",
"raggy#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Fog, mist; light rain; smoke, vapour; damp."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"countable",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "ff89e8dfc8a7ff4a9fd3d25de072de1fbd4ef9a2eb4eb09d0b8b87121c818074",
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}
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