ROOT / 001NODE 1095Proto-Indo-European
*ḱh₂d-es-
a proposed formation connecting grief, pain, care, mourning, and hatred words
Indo-Europeanproposed Proto-Indo-European formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 41
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 43
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 21
- CITATIONS
- 11
- SOURCES
- 5
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 002NODE 1096Proto-Indo-European
*ḱeh₂d-
a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred
Indo-Europeanproposed Proto-Indo-European base
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 19
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 42
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 44
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 7
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 21
- CITATIONS
- 43
- SOURCES
- 6
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 19
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 003NODE 1094Proto-Germanic
*hatiz-
hate, anger, enmity, spite, or hostility
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 9
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 37
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 39
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 20
- CITATIONS
- 36
- SOURCES
- 18
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 004NODE 58Proto-Indo-European
*leǵ-
to collect, gather; with descendants involving speaking
Indo-EuropeanIndo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 15
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 71
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 71
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 8
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 19
- CITATIONS
- 24
- SOURCES
- 5
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 15
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 005NODE 1155Proto-Germanic
*fi(j)ēn-
a reconstructed verb meaning hate or be hostile toward
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic reconstruction
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 22
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 22
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 14
- CITATIONS
- 36
- SOURCES
- 23
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 006NODE 1156Proto-Indo-European
*peh₁-
a proposed base associated with harm, blame, suffering, or hate
Indo-Europeanproposed Proto-Indo-European base
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 14
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 23
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 23
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 14
- CITATIONS
- 19
- SOURCES
- 4
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 14
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 007NODE 734Proto-Indo-European
*h₃reg-
move in a straight line; direct, lead, rule
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European centum form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 52
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 56
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 13
- CITATIONS
- 5
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 008NODE 735Proto-Indo-European
*h₃reg̑-
move in a straight line; direct, lead, rule
Indo-Europeanoldest published Proto-Indo-European form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 13
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 53
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 57
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 7
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 13
- CITATIONS
- 14
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 13
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 009NODE 13Proto-Indo-European
*set-u-
true; real; in true order
Indo-Europeanprehistoric
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 12
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 26
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 27
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 12
- CITATIONS
- 20
- SOURCES
- 4
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 12
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 010NODE 1160Proto-Germanic
*fi(j)and-
lexicalized enemy formation from the hate verb’s present participle
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic reconstruction
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 7
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 15
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 15
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 10
- CITATIONS
- 45
- SOURCES
- 21
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 011NODE 829Proto-Indo-European
*dhghem-
earth
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European centum form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 5
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 41
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 45
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 8
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 9
- CITATIONS
- 10
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 4
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 012NODE 140Proto-Indo-European
*ghos-ti-
stranger, guest, host; person with reciprocal duties of hospitality
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 10
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 31
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 31
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 7
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 9
- CITATIONS
- 26
- SOURCES
- 7
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 9
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 013NODE 758Proto-Indo-European
*rēg-
king or ruler formation
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European lengthened grade
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 25
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 27
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 8
- CITATIONS
- 7
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 014NODE 231Old Chinese (reconstructed)
*lˤra
name of a plant
Sino-Tibetan / SiniticOld Chinese reconstruction
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 7
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 13
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 13
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 7
- CITATIONS
- 12
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 7
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 015NODE 696Proto-Indo-European
*deru-
be firm, solid, steadfast; wood, tree
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European horizon
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 7
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 26
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 26
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 7
- CITATIONS
- 10
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 7
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 016NODE 172Proto-Indo-European
*skei-
cut, split; proposed source of a discern > know development
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 7
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 30
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 30
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 7
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 7
- CITATIONS
- 9
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 7
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 017NODE 587Proto-Indo-European
*setu-mo-
true, real
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European formation, proposed
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 14
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 14
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 7
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 018NODE 1149Proto-Germanic
*xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan
reconstructed class-III or related weak verbs meaning hate
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic reconstruction alternatives
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 12
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 12
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 7
- CITATIONS
- 23
- SOURCES
- 17
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 019NODE 658Proto-Indo-European
*werh₁-
speak
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European speaking root
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 6
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 24
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 24
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 6
- CITATIONS
- 8
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 6
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 020NODE 139Proto-Indo-European
*ghos-pot-
guest-master; person embodying a reciprocal hospitality relationship
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 2
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 22
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 22
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 6
- CITATIONS
- 6
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 021NODE 888Proto-Indo-European
*dheigh-
to form; build
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European centum form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 6
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 34
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 36
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 7
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 6
- CITATIONS
- 8
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 022NODE 1312Proto-Germanic
*frijōnd-
a reconstructed present-participial formation, the loving or favorably disposed one
Indo-European / Germanicnormalized Proto-Germanic participial formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 10
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 10
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 5
- CITATIONS
- 23
- SOURCES
- 12
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 023NODE 6Proto-Indo-European
*lewbʰ-
to love, desire, care for
Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 5
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 16
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 16
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 5
- CITATIONS
- 11
- SOURCES
- 4
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 5
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 024NODE 695Proto-Germanic
*treuwaz
firm, faithful, trustworthy
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic horizon
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 15
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 15
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 5
- CITATIONS
- 5
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 025NODE 184Proto-Indo-European
*dekm̥
ten
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 5
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 18
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 19
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 5
- CITATIONS
- 8
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 5
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 026NODE 1313Proto-Germanic
*frī-
to like, love, or be friendly to; also represented in the free verb family
Indo-European / GermanicGermanic lexical base
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 11
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 11
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 5
- CITATIONS
- 14
- SOURCES
- 11
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 027NODE 1314Proto-Indo-European
*prī-
a proposed Indo-European root compared with the Germanic friend and free family
Indo-Europeanproposed Indo-European comparison
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 5
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 12
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 12
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 5
- CITATIONS
- 8
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 5
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 028NODE 889Proto-Indo-European
*dheig̑h-
to form; build
Indo-Europeanoldest Proto-Indo-European form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 6
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 35
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 37
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 8
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 6
- CITATIONS
- 7
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 6
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 029NODE 951Proto-Indo-European
*dhg̑hem-
earth
Indo-Europeanoldest Proto-Indo-European form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 5
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 42
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 46
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 9
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 9
- CITATIONS
- 6
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 5
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 030NODE 665Proto-Indo-European
*wer-dho-
something spoken; word
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed full grade
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 18
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 18
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 5
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 031NODE 236Middle Chinese (reconstructed reading)
*drae
tea; name of a plant
Sino-Tibetan / SiniticMiddle Chinese reconstruction
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 7
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 7
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 5
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 032NODE 123Proto-Indo-European
*mūs-
mouse; also the family behind specialized muscle words
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 4
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 15
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 15
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 4
- CITATIONS
- 11
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 4
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 033NODE 1053Proto-Indo-European
*ǵenh₁-
give birth; beget; produce, with derivatives for family and tribal groups
Indo-Europeanoldest reviewed Proto-Indo-European form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 4
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 23
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 24
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 4
- CITATIONS
- 7
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 4
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 034NODE 957Proto-Indo-European
*(dh)ghom-o-
earth; ground
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed o-grade formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 22
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 23
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 8
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 6
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 035NODE 1123Proto-Germanic
*xatjanan
a reconstructed Germanic weak verb represented by Gothic hatjan, Old English hettan, and Middle High German hetzen
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 9
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 9
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 5
- CITATIONS
- 15
- SOURCES
- 12
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 036NODE 1051Proto-Germanic
*kunja-
lineage, family, kin, descent, or people
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 12
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 12
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 3
- CITATIONS
- 10
- SOURCES
- 6
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 037NODE 298Proto-Germanic
*leubaz
dear, beloved, pleasing
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic reconstruction
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 3
- CITATIONS
- 9
- SOURCES
- 6
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 038NODE 326Proto-Oceanic
*tampu
sacred, forbidden; under ritual restriction
Austronesian / Malayo-Polynesian · OceanicProto-Oceanic reconstruction
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 3
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 2
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 3
- CITATIONS
- 9
- SOURCES
- 4
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 3
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 039NODE 203Proto-Indo-European
*tkeH-
rule, have power, possess
Indo-Europeandialectal Indo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 3
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 16
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 16
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 9
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 4
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 3
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 040NODE 1052Proto-Indo-European
*gn̥ə-yo-
generation, lineage, or kin formation
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed zero grade
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 13
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 13
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 3
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 041NODE 701Proto-Germanic
*treuwithō
faith, loyalty, truth
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic horizon
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 7
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 7
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 3
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 042NODE 741Proto-Indo-European
*rēg-olā-
straight piece or rod formation
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 12
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 12
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 3
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 043NODE 502Proto-Indo-European
*legh-
to lie, recline, lay, or set down
Indo-EuropeanIndo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 2
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 16
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 16
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 4
- CITATIONS
- 7
- SOURCES
- 4
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 2
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 044NODE 19Proto-Indo-European
*séh₂l-
salt
Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 2
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 8
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 8
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 2
- CITATIONS
- 7
- SOURCES
- 4
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 2
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 045NODE 330Proto-Eskimo
*qan-yaq
reconstructed kayak formation
Eskimo-Aleut / EskimoProto-Eskimo reconstruction
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 2
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 2
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 2
- CITATIONS
- 7
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 046NODE 788Proto-Celtic
*rīx-s
king, nominative singular
Indo-European / CelticProto-Celtic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 2
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 1
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 2
- CITATIONS
- 6
- SOURCES
- 4
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 047NODE 719Proto-Indo-European
*drew-o-
firm or steadfast formation; wood or pledge branch
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed variant
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 9
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 9
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 2
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 048NODE 1101Proto-Germanic
*hatōjan-
to hate or treat with enmity
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 3
- CITATIONS
- 6
- SOURCES
- 4
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 049NODE 979Proto-Indo-European
*dhi-n-gh-
to shape; form
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European nasalized zero-grade formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 15
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 15
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 3
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 050NODE 401Proto-Indo-European
*(s)kend-
to shine or make shine
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 2
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 9
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 9
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 3
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 2
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 051NODE 518Proto-Indo-European
*meue-
to push away
Indo-EuropeanIndo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 2
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 2
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 2
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 052NODE 1050Proto-Germanic
*kuninga-
king; lineage-member title formation
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 2
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 8
- SOURCES
- 5
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 053NODE 1070Proto-Indo-European
*gn̥ə-t-
born or produced; a birth-, nature-, or kind-forming derivative
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed zero grade
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 8
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 9
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 5
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 054NODE 773Proto-Germanic
*rīkja-
powerful, rich, kingly
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic horizon
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 055NODE 145Proto-Germanic
*gastiz
guest or stranger
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 6
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 056NODE 133Proto-Germanic
*mūs
mouse
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 5
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 057NODE 313Proto-Finnic
*sakna
sauna; proposed earlier stove reference
Uralic / FinnicProto-Finnic reconstruction
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 2
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 2
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 5
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 058NODE 523Proto-Germanic
*saltom
salt
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 5
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 059NODE 1131Old High German
*hezzen
a reconstructed weak verb meaning chase or persecute
Indo-European / West Germanicreconstructed Old High German bridge
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 5
- SOURCES
- 4
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 060NODE 293Proto-Germanic
*leubīn
love; affection as an abstract noun
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic reconstruction
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 061NODE 314Palaeo-Germanic
*stagh-ná-
pile or stack; proposed source of a stone-pile stove term
Indo-European / GermanicPalaeo-Germanic reconstruction
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 062NODE 501Proto-Germanic
*lagam
a laying down; what is fixed or set
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 063NODE 552Proto-Germanic
*lagojanan
to cause to lie; to lay
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 064NODE 591Proto-Indo-European
*set-eu-o-
having or containing true order; real
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European adjectival formation, proposed
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 1
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 1
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 065NODE 594Proto-Indo-European
*stéu-gho-
real; certain
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European Armenian preform, proposed
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 1
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 1
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 4
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 066NODE 1069Proto-Germanic
*kundjaz
origin, birth, family, race, or kind
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 067NODE 1263Proto-Celtic
*katsi-
a proposed Celtic formation compared with Middle Irish cais and Old Welsh cas
Indo-European / Celticproposed Proto-Celtic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 1
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 1
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 068NODE 1265Proto-Indo-European
*kad-
a proposed base used in a wider Celtic, Germanic, Italic, Iranian, and Greek comparison
Indo-Europeanproposed Proto-Indo-European base
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 069NODE 4Proto-West Germanic
*lubu
love
Indo-European / West Germanicc. 200 BCE–600 CE
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 070NODE 5Proto-Germanic
*lubō
love
Indo-European / Germanicc. 500 BCE
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 071NODE 34Proto-Indo-European
*h₂ster-
star
Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 072NODE 48Proto-Indo-European
*kʷetwóres
four
Indo-Europeanc. 4500–2500 BCE
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 073NODE 115Proto-Slavic
*orbota
work; hard or obligatory labor
Indo-European / SlavicProto-Slavic prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 2
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 2
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 074NODE 116Proto-Indo-European
*h₃órbʰos
person or property transferred; bereaved person, orphan, or dependent
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 075NODE 242Proto-Germanic
*tehun
ten
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic reconstruction, c. 500 BCE–200 CE
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 076NODE 356Choctaw
*bayok
proposed early Choctaw form for a bayou or watercourse
Muskogean / Western Muskogeanproposed early Choctaw
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 2
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 2
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 077NODE 510Proto-Indo-European
*h₂rei-
to count
Indo-EuropeanIndo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 078NODE 656Proto-Germanic
*wurdam
word; something spoken
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic horizon
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 079NODE 793Proto-Indo-European
*rēg-en-
king formation
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 2
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 2
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 080NODE 931Proto-Germanic
*daigaz
dough
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 081NODE 940Proto-Indo-European
*dhigh-ūrā-
result of forming or kneading
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed zero-grade formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 082NODE 968Proto-Germanic
*daigjōn-
female baker or servant
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 083NODE 969Proto-Germanic
*daiga-
dough; kneaded mass
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic stem
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 084NODE 1264Proto-Indo-European
*kad-t/si-
a proposed formation underlying Proto-Celtic *katsi-
Indo-Europeanproposed pre-Celtic or Indo-European formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 2
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 2
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 085NODE 1299Proto-Germanic
*hwōtja-
hostile or threatening
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic adjective reconstruction
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 1
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 1
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 086NODE 1300Proto-Germanic
*hwōtō
threat or reprimand
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic related noun reconstruction
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 2
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 2
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 087NODE 1301Proto-Indo-European
*kʷē̆d- / *kʷō̆d-
to bore, drill, prick, or stab; in Germanic reflexes, sharpen, whet, or incite
Indo-EuropeanPokorny Indo-European etymon
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 088NODE 40Proto-Indo-European
*kand-
to shine; glow
Indo-EuropeanIndo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 9
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 9
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 3
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 089NODE 380Proto-Dakota
*thí
dwell; dwelling root
Siouan / DakotanProto-Dakota
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 090NODE 381Proto-Mississippi Valley Siouan
*htí
dwell; dwelling root
Siouan / Mississippi Valley SiouanProto-Mississippi Valley Siouan
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 091NODE 382Proto-Siouan
*ahtí•
dwell, dwelling, house
Siouan / Proto-Siouan-CatawbaProto-Siouan prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 092NODE 566Proto-Eskimo
*qan(ə)-
to go or come near
Eskimo-Aleut / Eskimodeeper Proto-Eskimo analysis
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 2
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 093NODE 570Proto-Turkic
*kad- / *kad-ï
fir tree; reconstructed base proposed in the boat-word history
Turkic / Proto-TurkicProto-Turkic analysis
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 2
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 2
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 094NODE 657Proto-Indo-European
*wr̥-dho-
something spoken; word
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed zero grade
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 095NODE 706Proto-Germanic
*traustam
confidence, firmness
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic horizon
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 096NODE 718Proto-Germanic
*treuwō
pledge, fidelity
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic horizon
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 097NODE 724Proto-Germanic
*trewam
tree, wood
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic horizon
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 098NODE 732Proto-Germanic
*rehtaz
right, just, correct, straight
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic horizon
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 3
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 099NODE 733Proto-Indo-European
*reg-to-
directed straight; right
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 100NODE 774Proto-Celtic
*rīg-yo-
kingly or royal formation
Indo-European / CelticProto-Celtic horizon
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 101NODE 805Proto-Germanic
*mann-
human being; person
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 2
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 102NODE 806Proto-Indo-European
*manu-
human being; man
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European extended form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 7
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 7
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 2
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 103NODE 807Proto-Indo-European
*man-¹
man; human being
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European root
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 8
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 8
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 2
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 104NODE 814Proto-Indo-European
*dhē-mnā-
woman or nursing female formation
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed reduced formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 105NODE 815Proto-Indo-European
*dheh₁(i)-
to suck
Indo-Europeanoldest Proto-Indo-European form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 106NODE 828Proto-Indo-European
*(dh)ghom-on-
earthling; human being
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 7
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 107NODE 838Proto-Indo-European
*h₃ekʷ-
to see
Indo-Europeanoldest Proto-Indo-European form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 7
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 7
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 7
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 108NODE 859Proto-Germanic
*bōwan
to dwell; live
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 109NODE 860Proto-Indo-European
*bhōw-
to live; dwell
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European lengthened o-grade
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 7
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 7
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 7
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 110NODE 861Proto-Indo-European
*bheuə-
to be; exist; grow
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European root
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 8
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 8
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 8
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 111NODE 862Proto-Indo-European
*bheuhₓ-
to be; exist; grow
Indo-Europeanoldest Proto-Indo-European form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 9
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 9
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 9
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 112NODE 879Proto-Indo-European
*gʷou-
ox; bull; cow
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European root
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 8
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 8
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 8
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 113NODE 902Proto-Germanic
*hlaibaz
loaf of bread
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 9
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 9
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 3
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 114NODE 925Proto-Germanic
*gumōn-
man; human being
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 115NODE 926Proto-Indo-European
*(dh)ghm̥-on-
earthling; human being
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed zero-grade formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 116NODE 932Proto-Indo-European
*dhoigh-o-
formed or kneaded mass
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed o-grade formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 117NODE 949Proto-Indo-European
*dh(e)ghom-
earth
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European o-grade form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 3
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 3
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 118NODE 1075Proto-Germanic
*kundiz
natural, native, or fitting
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 4
- SOURCES
- 3
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 119NODE 495Proto-Indo-European
*bher-
to carry or bear
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 120NODE 895Old English
*gyrela
proposed predecessor of girle
Indo-European / West Germanicproposed Old English form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 2
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 2
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 2
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 121NODE 1086Proto-Germanic
*rēdan
condition or arrangement family also associated with counsel
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 7
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 7
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 2
- CITATIONS
- 3
- SOURCES
- 2
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 122NODE 162Proto-Indo-European
*pot-
master; one in control
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 23
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 23
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 7
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 6
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 123NODE 164Proto-Indo-European
*ǵhes-
take or give in exchange; hypothetical deeper base of *ghos-ti-
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 32
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 32
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 8
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 9
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 124NODE 226Proto-Indo-European
*h₃ekʷ-
catch sight of, envisage
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European prehistory
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 16
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 16
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 9
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 4
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 125NODE 685Proto-Indo-European
*ad-
to, near, at
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European horizon
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 126NODE 688Proto-Indo-European
*per-
forward, through, before, toward
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European horizon
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 127NODE 882Proto-Germanic
*wardaz
guard; guardian
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 128NODE 883Proto-Indo-European
*wor-to-
watching; guarding formation
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed o-grade formation
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 129NODE 884Proto-Indo-European
*wer-³
to perceive; watch out for
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European root
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 6
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 6
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 130NODE 887Proto-Germanic
*dīg-
to knead or form
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 4
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 4
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 131NODE 1055Proto-Germanic
*-inga- / *-unga-
person associated with or belonging to a lineage
Indo-European / GermanicProto-Germanic
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 4
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 1
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 132NODE 1087Proto-Indo-European
*rē-dh-
a suffixed formation behind condition, counsel, and related Germanic derivatives
Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European suffixed variant
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 8
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 8
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 5
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 2
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 0
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗ROOT / 133NODE 1088Proto-Indo-European
*h₂erh₁-
fit together
Indo-Europeanoldest reviewed Proto-Indo-European form
- GO DEEPER EDGES
- 1
- DIRECT CHILD EDGES
- 1
- ALL DESCENDANT NODES
- 9
- ALL DESCENDANT EDGES
- 9
- DEEPEST REVIEWED PATH
- 6
- DESCENDANT DOSSIERS
- 2
- CITATIONS
- 2
- SOURCES
- 1
- BOUNDARY EDGES
- 1
OPEN THE FULL DESCENDANT TREE ↗