*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

TRACE A WORD ↗
NODE / 0048reconstructedProto-Indo-European

*kʷetwóres

four

DATE
c. 4500–2500 BCE
SENSE
default
FAMILY
Indo-European
CANONICAL KEY
node:6:kwetwores:reconstructed
*

This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.

01

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

1
*
THE TRAIL ENDS HERE.

No securely reviewed ancestor extends beyond this node. 1 evidence path stops at this boundary.

INSPECT 1 CITED BOUNDARY CLAIM
02

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

1
DESCENDANTinheritanceprobable
Latin · Latin antiquity

quattuor

four

SOUND
Latin quattuor continues the Proto-Indo-European four numeral through Italic sound change.
MEANING
The numeral meaning remains four.
SCHOLAR
Comparative Indo-European lexicography
CONFIDENCE
probable
The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European Worldsupportsnumeral system

Comparative Indo-European reconstruction.

ORIGINAL ↗
Logeion: quattuorsupportsquattuor

Latin numeral evidence.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 40 ↗
03

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

6

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
6
REVIEWED EDGES
6
DEEPEST PATH
6
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
1
quarantine6 connected nodes
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE
STEP 04derivationestablished
Italian / early Italianquaranta→Italian / early Italian · Italian / Venetianquarantenaa period of forty days; isolation period
SOUND
quarantena is transparently built on the Italian numeral quaranta.
MEANING
Forty becomes a conventional duration, then names the isolation itself.
CDC · Oxford historical accounts2 CITATIONSEDGE 37 ↗
Etymologia: Quarantine · History of quarantine ↗A Brief Biological History of Quarantine: Modern use of an ancient tool · Dubrovnik legislation ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 051 EDGE
STEP 05borrowingprobable
Italian / early Italianquarantena→French · Middle / early modern Frenchquarantainea period or group of forty; later health isolation
SOUND
French quarantaine and Italian quarantena are parallel Romance formations around forty.
MEANING
A group or period of forty specialized as a disease-control interval.
French and Italian historical lexicography2 CITATIONSEDGE 36 ↗
Etymologia: Quarantine · historical overview ↗A Brief Biological History of Quarantine: Modern use of an ancient tool · quarantine history ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 061 EDGE

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

04

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

0
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.

That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.

05

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

1
07quarantine*kʷetwóres · established