NODE / 0047attestedLatin
quattuor
four
- DATE
- Latin antiquity
- SENSE
- default
- FAMILY
- Indo-European / Italic
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:9:quattuor:attested
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
GO DEEPERinheritanceprobable
Proto-Indo-European · c. 4500–2500 BCE*kʷetwóres
four
- SOUND
- Latin quattuor continues the Proto-Indo-European four numeral through Italic sound change.
- MEANING
- The numeral meaning remains four.
- SCHOLAR
- Comparative Indo-European lexicography
- CONFIDENCE
- probable
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTderivationestablished
Latin · Latin antiquityquadrāgintā
forty
- SOUND
- Latin quadrāgintā is the inherited decimal formation based on four.
- MEANING
- Four is multiplied into the decade numeral forty.
- SCHOLAR
- Latin lexicography
- CONFIDENCE
- established
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 5
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 5
- DEEPEST PATH
- 5
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01derivationestablished
- SOUND
- Latin quadrāgintā is the inherited decimal formation based on four.
- MEANING
- Four is multiplied into the decade numeral forty.
HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Italian quaranta regularly continues Latin quadrāgintā.
- MEANING
- The numeral meaning remains forty.
Romance and Latin lexicography1 CITATIONEDGE 38 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
STEP 03derivationestablished
- SOUND
- quarantena is transparently built on the Italian numeral quaranta.
- MEANING
- Forty becomes a conventional duration, then names the isolation itself.
CDC · Oxford historical accounts2 CITATIONSEDGE 37 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE
STEP 04borrowingprobable
- SOUND
- French quarantaine and Italian quarantena are parallel Romance formations around forty.
- MEANING
- A group or period of forty specialized as a disease-control interval.
French and Italian historical lexicography2 CITATIONSEDGE 36 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 051 EDGE
STEP 05borrowingprobable
- SOUND
- English quarantine reflects a French and Italian Romance transmission with adapted spelling and stress.
- MEANING
- A defined period of isolation became the general act or state of protective isolation.
“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE