*SET-U

CANONICAL LANGUAGE GRAPH

TRACE A WORD ↗
NODE / 0879reconstructedProto-Indo-European

*gʷou-

TRANSLITERATION *gʷou-

ox; bull; cow

DATE
Proto-Indo-European root
SENSE
ox cow root
FAMILY
Indo-European
CANONICAL KEY
node:6:gwou:reconstructed:sense:ox-cow-root

The published reconstructed root behind Greek boûs.

*

This form is reconstructed by comparison. It is not directly attested in this exact written form.

01

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

1
*
THE TRAIL ENDS HERE.

No securely reviewed ancestor extends beyond this node. 1 evidence path stops at this boundary.

INSPECT 1 CITED BOUNDARY CLAIM
GO DEEPERknowledge boundaryboundary
Beyond secure reconstruction · before the reviewed *gʷou- reconstruction · boy proposed route boundary

UNKNOWN

No securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond the reviewed cattle root on this proposed route.

SOUND
No older form is promoted beyond reviewed *gʷou-.
MEANING
The proposed trail ends where the published cattle root ends.
SCHOLAR
SET-U editorial boundary
CONFIDENCE
boundary — The final boundary does not resolve the disputed connection back to boy.
Indo-European Root: gwou-supportsgwou- entry endpoint

Defines the deepest reviewed comparative horizon.

ORIGINAL ↗
OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 879 ↗
02

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

1
03

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

8

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
8
REVIEWED EDGES
8
DEEPEST PATH
8
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
1
boy8 connected nodes
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
HISTORICAL STEP 031 EDGE
HISTORICAL STEP 041 EDGE
HISTORICAL STEP 051 EDGE
HISTORICAL STEP 061 EDGE
HISTORICAL STEP 071 EDGE
STEP 07competing borrowingproposed
Old Frenchembuié→Middle English · Middle Englishboimale servant; churl; young male
SOUND
Middle English boi has been compared with Old French embuié, a person in fetters.
MEANING
The servant or churl field is proposed to connect with a restrained person.
American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 872 ↗
Boy — Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Word Origin · Word Origin: Middle English male servant; origin unknown ↗Boy — American Heritage Dictionary · Etymology: possibly Old French embuié ↗
HISTORICAL STEP 081 EDGE
STEP 08continuationestablished
Middle Englishboi→Present-Day English · 14th century–todayboymale child; young man
SOUND
Middle English boi develops into modern boy with stabilized spelling.
MEANING
Male servant, churl, and young-male senses settle around the modern male-child center.
Merriam-Webster Editors · American Heritage Dictionary Editors2 CITATIONSEDGE 871 ↗
Boy — Definition, Word History, and First Known Use · Etymology and First Known Use ↗Boy — American Heritage Dictionary · Etymology: Middle English boi; male servant, churl, young male ↗

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

04

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

0
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.

That is expected for a reconstructed form: the node is inferred from comparison, not quoted from a surviving occurrence.

05

EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

1
09boy*gʷou- · established